Comprehensive analysis of the interrelationships between somatometric, biochemical, and clinical indicators reflecting the condition of patients with chronic kidney disease

Objective: To identify potential predictors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on the analysis of interrelationships between somatometric (including bioimpedance), biochemical, and clinical indicators in CKD patients.

Material and methods. The values of 58 indicators describing the condition of 357 participants were collected: 128 patients with CKD and 229 participants in the control group (without kidney pathology). Demographic, anthropometric, anamnestic data (19 diagnoses according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10^th revision), bioimpedance values, results of general and biochemical blood tests (19 indicators), and diet indicators (using the CINDI survey) were studied. New mathematical approaches were applied to establish informative value intervals for numerical indicators, to find metric clusters in the multidimensional space of biomedical indicators, and to construct metric maps.

Results. In the CKD group, a predominance of older patients (mean age 54.1±13.1 years) as well as overweight people (82.18±19 kg) was observed compared to the control group (48.78±9.75 years and 74.7±17.45 kg, respectively). Patients with CKD exhibit disturbances in adipose tissue metabolism, decreased active and reactive bioimpedance resistance, high systolic blood pressure, and multiple organ pathology.

Conclusion. The analysis of the cluster of interrelationships between indicators made it possible to outline promising areas for further research. These include a more detailed investigation of informativeness and predictive strength of CKD predictors, a comprehensive assessment of treatment effectiveness, identification of differences between subgroups of patients with different nosologies and stages of CKD, evaluation of the efficacy of various therapeutic approaches, the role of physical activity, and micronutrient status.

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