Russian Studies
Abstract: pharmacoepidemiology has recently evolved into a self-dependent post-marketing disciplinefrom clinical pharmacology, borrowing its methodology and analyticaltools from epidemiology. The article describes the goals of pharmacoepidemiology and provides introduction to randomized designs in post-marketing drug research by the example of large simple trials.
the article presents the results of clinical and economic analysis to substantiate the introduction of new methods of clinical and laboratory diagnostics to assess the efficacy of drug therapy of chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases and to evaluate the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy.
the article presents the results of a retrospective study conducted in the period from 2008 to 2011 in Moscow’s hospitals. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical and pharmacoeconomical efficacy of carbapenems in nosocomial pneumonia treatment. The study included 87 patients divided into 3 groups according to the therapy (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem). There were no statistically significant differences in clinical efficacy of carbapenems. Pharmacoeconomic analysis showed more profitable use of imipenem.
Abstract: for a detailed assessment of neurological patients to assist non-governmental agencies in Health Departmental Hospital station Astrahan 1 «Russian Railways», we carried out ABC and VEN analysis of pharmacotherapy and medical services in the department of neurology. An assessment of the costs of hospitalization, medication, medical services.
concomitant correction of magnesium deficiency in children with uncontrolled asthma can improve the efficiency of basic therapy for achieving asthma control and possesses pharmacoeconomic benefits, reducing the cost of achieving control and cost per symptom-free day after 12 and 24 weeks of therapy.
becoming increasingly widespread evaluation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) resistance to predict severity and outcome of epilepsy, stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other neurological disorders by assessment of neuron-specific proteins (NSP) concentration in biological fluids. In this work possibility to predict the severity and outcome of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic lesion of the central nervous system by this method were determined. It could be an example of a direct impact on the cost of treatment and rehabilitation for patients with neurological disorders. Objective: to evaluate the dynamics of serum neuronspecific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) concentration over a 6-month period of life in infants with cerebral ischemia. Materials and Methods. 49 infants with the perinatal hypoxic ischemic lesion of the CNS and gestational age between 32 and 41 weeks have been examined. 28 healthy term babies comprised the control group. For comparison patients were divided into the following groups: based on the 1-minute Apgar score: 1-3 scores (group А, 1-3), 4-6 scores (group А, 4-6) and 7-9 scores (group А, 7-9); based on their gestational age (GA): GA of 32-33 weeks, GA of 34-36 weeks and GA of 37-40 weeks; babies with the intra-ventricular hemorrhages (IVH group) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Serum NSP levels were measured quantitatively using the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results. A significant increase of serum NSE and GFAP levels was found in groups А 1-3, А 4-6 and А 7-9 one week postpartum as compared to the control group. Over the whole observation period serum of both NSP concentration showed strong correlation with the severity of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic lesion of the CNS which was reflected in the Apgar score. Both during postpartum week one and further on the serum NSE levels were significantly higher in group GA 32-33 as compared to groups GA 34-36 and GA 37-41, as well as the control group. Starting from postpartum week one, serum NSE levels in the PVL group were significantly lower than in the IVH group. There was a delayed increase of serum GFAP levels at postpartum week 3 and NSE levels at postpartum week 4. Conclusion. The obtained results confirm the ongoing long-term abnormal BBB permeability for NSP after the perinatal hypoxic-ischemic lesion of the CNS which reflects the chronic course of a given pathology, that directly affects the cost of management for such patients. These changes are more pronounced in babies of lower gestational age. At the same time, publications of NSP IFA pharmacoeconomic evaluation and health technology assessment in management of patients with neurological diseases are not identified. evaluation is not identified with the evaluation of publications IFA NBF in neurological disorders in terms of pharmacoeconomics and health technology assessment. The results of this analysis the cost of diagnosis and treatment costs could be useful for the implementation of this method in the practice of the management of patients with neurological disorders. The results of such analysis could be useful for the implementation in the practice.
Economic Review
the present review is devoted to an actual problem of safety of pharmacotherapy in clinical practice; the particular attention is paid to the state of this problem in pediatrics. Information about pharmacovigilance is proposed; criteria of definition, methods of collecting (their advantages and limitations), account and analysis of the adverse reactions of drugs in post-marketing period are described. The off label use of drugs in children and a role of clinical pharmacologist in the adverse reactions of drugs monitoring in a hospital is discussed.
pharmacoepidemiology is a well recognized throughout the world scientific discipline studying the use of and the effects of drugs in the whole population or in large groups of people in order to improve efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy. Despite its relatively short history pharmacoepidemiology demonstrated significant influence on public health, due to new findings in efficacy and safety, broadening of indications lists for well recognized drugs, as well as changes in treatment strategies and prognosis for many socially-significant disorders. The history of pharmacoepidemiological studies, their methodology, practical application as well as special aspects and prospects of pharmacoepidemiology development in Russia are described in the article.
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ISSN 2070-4933 (Online)
