Биосенсоры для измерений уровней оксида азота NO в биосубcтратах: систематический анализ

Оксид азота NO – сигнальная молекула, участвующая в многочисленных физических и патологических процессах в биологических системах. Высокочувствительные сенсорные материалы для измерения количеств NO in vivo в выдыхаемом воздухе и  жидких средах организма (слюна, кровь, моча) могут быть полезным инструментом в диагностике и ведении пациентов с бронхолегочными, сердечно-сосудистыми, неврологическими и опухолевыми заболеваниями. Разработано несколько подходов к измерению NO в биосубстратах (включая выдыхаемый воздух) – флуоресценция/хемилюминесценция, электронный спиновый резонанс, электрохимические/амперометрические (органические и неорганические) и ферментативные/белковые сенсоры. Материалами для NO-сенсоров могут быть полупроводники, нитриды переходных металлов, комплексы фталоцианинов, производных порфирина и кобаламина с металлами. Создание сенсорных материалов на основе производных витамина В12 представляет собой актуальную исследовательскую задачу биомедицины. В статье систематизирована информация об использовании различных соединений в качестве материалов для NO-чувствительных и селективных сенсоров для измерения/оценки уровней NO в различных биосубстратах.

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