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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2024.231</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-989</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Antitumor effects of vitamin B12 in vitro, in vivo, in silico</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Противоопухолевые эффекты витамина В12 in vitro, in vivo, in silico</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-710X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Громова Ольга Алексеевна – д.м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>WoS ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; Scopus Author ID: 7003589812</p><p>ул. Вавилова, д. 44, корп. 2, Москва 119333</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Gromova – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Leading Researcher</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; Scopus Author ID: 7003589812</p><p>44 corp. 2 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119333</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">unesco.gromova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-4607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролова Дарья Евгеньевна – ассистент кафедры онкологии, акушерства и гинекологии </p><p>Шереметевский пр-т, д. 8, Иваново 153012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya E. Frolova – Assistant Professor, Chair of Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology</p><p>8 Sheremetevskiy Ave., Ivanovo 153012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2659-7998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торшин</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torshin</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Торшин Иван Юрьевич – к.ф-м.н., к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: C-7683-2018; Scopus Author ID: 7003300274</p><p>ул. Вавилова, д. 44, корп. 2, Москва 119333</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan Yu. Torshin – PhD (Phys. Math.), PhD (Chem.), Senior Researcher</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: C-7683-2018; Scopus Author ID: 7003300274</p><p>44 corp. 2 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119333</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9690-4746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филимонова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filimonova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филимонова Марина Владимировна – д.м.н., д.б.н., профессор, заведующая лабораторией радиационной фармакологии </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 36894092800</p><p>ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10, Обнинск 249031</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Filimonova – Dr. Med. Sc., Dr. Biol. Sc., Head of Laboratory of Radiation Pharmacology</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 36894092800</p><p>10 Marshal Zhukov Str., Obninsk 249031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-9480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сорокина Мария Андреевна – аналитик Нейрокампуса-2030</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57226747037</p><p>ул. Островитянова, д. 1, Москва 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Sorokina – Analyst, Neurocampus-2030</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57226747037</p><p>1 Ostrovityanov Str., Moscow 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рейер</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reyer</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рейер Иван Александрович – к.т.н., научный сотрудник </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 14042533700</p><p>ул. Вавилова, д. 44, корп. 2, Москва 119333</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Reyer – PhD (Tech.), Researcher</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 14042533700</p><p>44 corp. 2 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119333</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2342-3036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лиманова</surname><given-names>O. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Limanova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лиманова Ольга Адольфовна – к.м.н., доцент кафедры фармакологии</p><p>Шереметевский пр-т, д. 8, Иваново 153012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Limanova – MD, PhD, Associate Profesor, Chair of Pharmacology</p><p>8 Sheremetevskiy Ave., Ivanovo 153012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотова</surname><given-names>Л. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotova</surname><given-names>L. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федотова Любовь Эдуардовна – к.м.н., доцент кафедры фармакологии</p><p>Шереметевский пр-т, д. 8, Иваново 153012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov E. Fedotova – MD, PhD, Associate Profesor, Chair of Pharmacology</p><p>8 Sheremetevskiy Ave., Ivanovo 153012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-5621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майорова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maiorova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Майорова Лариса Александровна – д.ф-м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник ФИЦ «Информатика и управление»</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: B-6288-2016; Scopus Author ID: 6701491872</p><p>ул. Вавилова, д. 44, корп. 2, Москва 119333; Шереметевский пр-т, д. 7, Иваново 153012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larissa A. Maiorova – Dr. Phys. Math. Sc., Professor, Leading Researcher</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: B-6288-2016; Scopus Author ID: 58079684100</p><p>44 corp. 2 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119333; Sheremetevsky Ave., 7, Ivanovo 153012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control”, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ивановская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ivanovo State Medical Academy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А.Ф. Цыба – филиал федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Научный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Tsyba Medical Radiological Research Center – branch of Scientific Medical Research Center of Radiology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control”, Russian Academy of Sciences; Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>989</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Gromova O.A., Frolova D.E., Torshin I.Y., Filimonova M.V., Sorokina M.A., Reyer I.A., Limanova O.A., Fedotova L.E., Maiorova L.A., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Громова О.А., Фролова Д.Е., Торшин И.Ю., Филимонова М.В., Сорокина М.А., Рейер И.А., Лиманова O.А., Федотова Л.Э., Майорова Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gromova O.A., Frolova D.E., Torshin I.Y., Filimonova M.V., Sorokina M.A., Reyer I.A., Limanova O.A., Fedotova L.E., Maiorova L.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/989">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/989</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to investigate the antitumor effects of various forms of vitamin B12 in combination with various synergistic vitamins and evaluate the prospects for clinical applications.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Cell lines BT-474 (breast ductal carcinoma) and A549 (lung carcinoma) were used as an in vitro cell model, and transplantable epidermoid Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) was used as an in vivo animal tumor model. Animal studies of LLC were carried out on 25 male F1 hybrid mice (age 2.5–3 months, body weight 23–26 g). In silico research was conducted as a systematic computer analysis of 9,326 scientific sources.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In vitro studies on cultures of two human tumor cell lines (BT-474 and A549) confirmed the cytotoxic effect of vitamin B12 (aquacobalamin). It has been shown that vitamin B12 has weak cytotoxic properties in the concentration range of 3.125–200 μg/L (IC50&gt;200 nM), and its hydrophobic derivative (heptamethyl cyanoquacobyric acid ester) significantly reduces the survival of tumor lines. BT-474 and A549 cells at high concentrations (100–200 µg/l, IC50~100 nM). Experimental animals with an in vivo LLС model easily tolerated a drug based on vitamin B12. Exposure to the drug up to the 21st day of LLС development was accompanied by an increasing tendency to inhibit tumor growth by 10–20% (р=0.059). The results of a systematic in silico review of the literature show that clinical data confirmed the significant antitumor effect of vitamin B12.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The cellular model indicated the antitumor properties of vitamin B12 and its hydrophobic derivative. With subchronic intragastric administration of B12 to tumor-bearing animals, a steady tendency to inhibit the LLС growth was observed. Analysis of clinical data confirmed the feasibility of the antitumor use of vitamin B12 individually and in combination with synergistic vitamins.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: исследовать противоопухолевые эффекты различных форм витамина В12 в сочетании с различными витаминами-синергистами и оценить перспективы клинических применений.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В качестве клеточной модели in vitro использовались клетки линий BT-474 (карцинома протока молочной железы) и A549 (карцинома легкого), а в качестве опухолевой модели у животных in vivo – перевиваемая эпидермоидная карцинома легких Льюис (КЛЛ). Исследования КЛЛ на животных проведены на 25 самцах мышей-гибридов F1 (возраст 2,5–3 мес, масса тела 23–26 г). Исследование in silico выполнено как систематический компьютерный анализ 9326 научных источников.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В исследованиях in vitro на культурах двух опухолевых клеточных линиях человека (ВТ-474 и А549) подтверждено цитотоксическое действие витамина В12 (аквакобаламин). Показано, что витамин В12 обладает слабыми цитотоксическими свойствами в диапазоне концентраций 3,125–200 мкг/л (IC50&gt;200 нМ), а его гидрофобное производное (гептаметиловый эфир цианаквакобириновой кислоты) заметно снижает выживаемость опухолевых линий клеток ВТ-474 и А549 при высоких концентрациях (100–200 мкг/л, IC50~100 нМ). Подопытные животные с моделью КЛЛ in vivo легко переносили препарат на основе витамина В12 (аквакобаламин, 160 мкг/кг). Воздействие препарата до 21-х суток развития КЛЛ сопровождалось нарастающей тенденцией торможения роста опухоли на 10–20% (р=0,059). Результаты систематического анализа литературы in silico показывают, что клинические данные подтверждают выраженное противоопухолевое действие витамина B12.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Клеточная модель указала на противоопухолевые свойства витамина В12 и его гидрофобного производного. При субхроническом внутрижелудочном введении В12 животным-опухоленосителям наблюдается устойчивая тенденция к торможению роста КЛЛ. Анализ клинических данных подтвердил целесообразность противоопухолевого использования витамина В12 по отдельности и в сочетании с витаминами-синергистами.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Карцинома легких</kwd><kwd>клеточные модели</kwd><kwd>витамин В12</kwd><kwd>системная биология</kwd><kwd>биоинформатика</kwd><kwd>экспериментальная фармакология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Lung carcinoma</kwd><kwd>cell models</kwd><kwd>vitamin B12</kwd><kwd>systems biology</kwd><kwd>bioinformatics</kwd><kwd>experimental pharmacology</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 20-12-00175-п на базе ФГБОУ ВО «Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Thе work was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 20-12-00175-p on the base of Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volkov I. 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