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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2023.222</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-951</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Legal particularities of AI technology usage in real-world data formation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Правовые особенности использования технологий искусственного интеллекта в формировании данных реальной клинической практики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3136-8054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маличенко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malichenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маличенко Владислав Сергеевич – старший научный сотрудник отдела социального законодательства; научный сотрудник Института исследований национального и сравнительного права факультета права </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56364951200 </p><p>Большой Харитоньевский пер., д. 24, Москва 107078, Россия </p><p> Покровский б-р, д. 11, Москва 109028, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav S. Malichenko – Senior Researcher, Department of Social Legislation;  Researcher, Institute of National and Comparative Legal Studies, Faculty of Law</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56364951200 </p><p>24 Bolshoy Kharitonyevsky Passage, Moscow 107078, Russia </p><p>11 Pokrovskiy Blvd, Moscow 109028, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-4903</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджиева</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhieva</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гаджиева Альбина Омаровна – заместитель декана, директор Института исследований национального и сравнительного права, доцент Департамента публичного права факультета права </p><p>Покровский б-р, д. 11, Москва 109028, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albina O. Gadzhieva – Deputy Dean, Director of Institute of National and Comparative Legal Studies, Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law</p><p>11 Pokrovskiy Blvd, Moscow 109028, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2603-3025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Платонова Наталья Игоревна – к.ю.н., доцент кафедры конституционного права факультета права </p><p>пр-т Вернадского, д. 76, Москва 119454, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya I. Platonova – PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Chair of Constitutional Law, Faculty of Law</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57211292674 </p><p>76 Vernadsky Ave., Moscow 119454, Russia </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6659-361X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьёва-Опошнянская</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovieva-Oposhnyanskaya</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соловьёва-Опошнянская Анна Юрьевна – эксперт Института исследований национального и сравнительного права факультета права ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; преподаватель кафедры государственного регулирования факультета управления и политики</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: F-2988-2015</p><p>Покровский б-р, д. 11, Москва 109028, Россия </p><p>пр-т Вернадского, д. 76, Москва 119454, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Yu. Solovieva-Oposhnyanskaya – Expert, Institute of National and Comparative Legal Studies, Faculty of Law; Lecturer, Chair of State Regulation, Faculty of Management and Politics</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: F-2988-2015 </p><p>11 Pokrovskiy Blvd, Moscow 109028, Russia </p><p>76 Vernadsky Ave., Moscow 119454, Russia </p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aysoloveva@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное научно-исследовательское учреждение «Институт законодательства и сравнительного правоведения при Правительстве Российской Федерации»;&#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation;&#13;
National Research University “Higher School of Economics”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University “Higher School of Economics” <country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет)» Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»;&#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет)» Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University “Higher School&#13;
of Economics”;&#13;
Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>657</fpage><lpage>670</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Malichenko V.S., Gadzhieva A.O., Platonova N.I., Solovieva-Oposhnyanskaya A.Y., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маличенко В.С., Гаджиева А.О., Платонова Н.И., Соловьёва-Опошнянская А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malichenko V.S., Gadzhieva A.O., Platonova N.I., Solovieva-Oposhnyanskaya A.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/951">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/951</self-uri><abstract><p>In recent decades, technological progress has contributed to a consistent change in approaches to organizing the provision of medical care in various regions of the world. Electronic data-gathering systems make it possible to create extensive information databases about the health status of the population of certain territories or entire states. The introduction of technological solutions based on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies makes it possible to provide a systematic analysis of large volumes of information, as well as to develop new treatment methods of life-threatening diseases. The use of AI technologies not only has significant potential for improving the organization of medical care, but also brings essential risks of human rights restriction, it may also form discriminatory practices or even cause harm to health. The authors demonstrate the importance of AI technologies in improving separate stages of medical care and the circulation of healthcare technologies, and also present various approaches to defining the notion of “artificial intelligence”, that is a crucial element in specifying the object of legal regulation. The article systematizes the list of threats and challenges to human security associated with the use of AI technologies. The development of legal regulation of this sphere at the national (United States of America) and supranational (European Union) levels is analyzed, and also the main directions of development of this field in the Russian Federation are presented.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Технологический прогресс последних десятилетий способствовал последовательному изменению подходов к организации оказания медицинской помощи в различных регионах мира. Электронные системы сбора данных позволяют формировать обширные информационные базы о состоянии здоровья населения определенных территорий или целых государств. Внедрение технологических решений, основанных на использовании технологий искусственного интеллекта (ИИ), обеспечивает возможность проведения системного анализа больших объемов информации, а также содействует разработке новых методов лечения жизнеугрожающих заболеваний. Применение технологий ИИ не только обладает значительным потенциалом в отношении улучшения организации оказания медицинской помощи, но также создает существенные риски в области ограничения прав человека, формирования дискриминационных практик или нанесения вреда здоровью. В статье продемонстрировано значение технологий ИИ в совершенствовании отдельных этапов оказания медицинской помощи и обращения технологий здравоохранения, а также приведены различные подходы к определению понятия «искусственный интеллект», что является важным элементом конкретизации объекта нормативно-правового регулирования. Cистематизирован перечень угроз и вызовов безопасности человека, сопряженный с использованием технологий ИИ. Проведен анализ развития нормативно-правового регулирования применения технологий ИИ на национальном (Соединенные Штаты Америки) и наднациональном (Европейский союз) уровнях, а также представлены основные направления становления данной сферы в Российской Федерации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>ИИ</kwd><kwd>право на здоровье</kwd><kwd>данные реальной клинической практики</kwd><kwd>технологии здравоохранения</kwd><kwd>перспективы внедрения ИИ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>AI</kwd><kwd>right to health</kwd><kwd>real-world data</kwd><kwd>RWD</kwd><kwd>real-world evidence</kwd><kwd>RWE</kwd><kwd>healthcare technologies</kwd><kwd>prospects of AI implementation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маличенко В.С. 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