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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2023.209</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-921</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Chemoreactome screening of aquacobalamin and heptamethyl ester of cyanoaquacobyrinic acid cytotoxic effects on tumor cells with experimental confirmation on BT-474 and A549 cell</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хемореактомный скрининг цитотоксических эффектов аквакобаламина и гептаметилового эфира цианоаквакобириновой кислоты на опухолевые клетки с экспериментальными подтверждениями на линиях клеток ВТ-474 и А549</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2659-7998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торшин</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torshin</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Торшин Иван Юрьевич – к.ф-м.н., к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник; WoS ResearcherID: C-7683-2018; Scopus Author ID: 7003300274.</p><p>Ул. Вавилова, д. 44, корп. 2, Москва 119333</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan Yu. Torshin – PhD (Phys. Math.), PhD (Chem.), Senior Researcher; WoS ResearcherID: C-7683-2018; Scopus Author ID: 7003300274.</p><p>44 corp. 2 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119333</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филимонова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filimonova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филимонова Марина Владимировна – к.м.н., д.б.н., заведующая лабораторией радиационной фармакологии Медицинского радиологического научного центра им. А.Ф. Цыба – филиала ФГБУ «Научный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России, профессор отделения биотехнологии Обнинского института атомной энергетики – филиала ФГАОУ ВО «НИЯУ «МИФИ».</p><p>Ул. Маршала Жукова, д. 10, Обнинск 249031; тер. Студгородок, д. 1, Обнинск 249039</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Filimonova – MD, PhD, Dr. Biol. Sc., Head of Laboratory of Radiation Pharmacology, Tsyba Medical Radiological Research Center – branch of Scientific Medical Research Center of Radiology; Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering – branch of NRNU MEPhI.</p><p>10 Marshal Zhukov Str., Obninsk 249031</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-710X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Громова Ольга Алексеевна – д.м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник; WoS ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; Scopus Author ID: 7003589812.</p><p>Ул. Вавилова, д. 44, корп. 2, Москва 119333</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Gromova – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Leading Researcher; WoS ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; Scopus Author ID: 7003589812.</p><p>44 corp. 2 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119333</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">unesco.gromova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-5621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майорова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maiorova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Майорова Лариса Александровна – д.ф-м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник; WoS ResearcherID: B-6288-2016; Scopus Author ID: 6701491872.</p><p>Ул. Вавилова, д. 44, корп. 2, Москва 119333</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larissa A. Maiorova – Dr. Phys. Math. Sc., Professor, Leading Researcher; WoS ResearcherID: B-6288-2016; Scopus Author ID: 6701491872.</p><p>44 corp. 2 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119333</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-9480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сорокина Мария Андреевна – аналитик Нейрокампуса-2030; Scopus Author ID: 57226747037.</p><p>Ул. Островитянова, д. 1, Москва 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Sorokina – Analyst, Neurocampus-2030; Scopus Author ID: 57226747037.</p><p>1 Ostrovityanov Str., Moscow 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-4607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролова Дарья Евгеньевна – ассистент кафедры онкологии, акушерства и гинекологии.</p><p>Шереметевский пр-т, д. 8, Иваново 153012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya E. Frolova – Assistant Professor, Chair of Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology.</p><p>8 Sheremetevskiy Ave., Ivanovo 153012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-191X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Громов Андрей Николаевич – инженер-исследователь; WoS ResearcherID: C-7476-2018; Scopus Author ID: 7102053964.</p><p>Ул. Вавилова, д. 44, корп. 2, Москва 119333</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Gromov – Research Engineer; WoS ResearcherID: C-7476-2018; Scopus Author ID: 7102053964.</p><p>44 corp. 2 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119333</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-710X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рейер</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reyer</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рейер Иван Александрович – к.т.н., научный сотрудник; Scopus Author ID: 14042533700.</p><p>ул. Вавилова, д. 44, корп. 2, Москва 119333</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Reyer – PhD (Tech.), Researcher; Scopus Author ID: 14042533700.</p><p>44 corp. 2 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119333</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control”, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А.Ф. Цыба – филиал федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Научный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Обнинский институт атомной энергетики – филиал Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учереждения высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Tsyba Medical Radiological Research Center – branch of Scientific Medical Research Center of Radiology; Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering – branch of National Research Nuclear University MEPhI<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ивановский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ivanovo State Medical Academy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Torshin I.Y., Filimonova M.V., Gromova O.A., Maiorova L.A., Sorokina M.A., Frolova D.E., Gromov A.N., Reyer I.A., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Торшин И.Ю., Филимонова М.В., Громова О.А., Майорова Л.А., Сорокина М.А., Фролова Д.Е., Громов А.Н., Рейер И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Torshin I.Y., Filimonova M.V., Gromova O.A., Maiorova L.A., Sorokina M.A., Frolova D.E., Gromov A.N., Reyer I.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/921">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/921</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The search for an effective and safe pharmacotherapy for tumor diseases includes the evaluation of the action of candidate molecules on various types of tumor cells. Vitamin B12 and its derivatives are promising molecules whose properties can be controlled through chemical modifications.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: conducting in silico chemoreactom screening and in vitro experimental study of aquacobalamin and heptamethyl ester of cyanoaquacobyrinic acid (HECСA).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Chemoreactome screening was carried out on the basis of a problem-oriented theory of chemograph isomorphism analysis, which is an extension of the algebraic approach to machine learning and recognition problems. Trainable algorithms for calculating chemical distances between molecules were used, on the basis of which the values of half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated. Screening was carried out for 470 cultures of human tumor cells, including SNB19 (astrocytoma), HCT116 (colon cancer), HeLa (cervical carcinoma), BT-474 (breast duct carcinoma), and A549 (lung carcinoma) cell lines. Dicyanocobyric acid heptamethyl ester ((CN)2Cby(OCH3)7) was obtained by boiling a solution of vitamin B12 in methanol with sulfuric acid (1.0 M) for 4 days. HECСA ((CN)(H2O)Cby(OCH3)7) was obtained by vacuum drying an aqueous solution of (CN)2Cby(OCH3)7 (pH 4.0 and 25 °С). The ester structure and purity were confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance data, elemental analysis, and MALDI-ToF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight) mass spectroscopy. Experimental studies of tumor cell cultures were carried out using the MTT testwith aquacobalamin and HECСA on cell lines of immortalized (telomerized) fibroblasts (Fb-hTERT), lung carcinoma (A549), and breast duct cancer (BT-474).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Chemoreactome screening of the effects of molecules on tumor cells made it possible to obtain estimates of cell growth IC50 for 470 tumor cell lines. Depending on cell line and vitamin B12 derivative molecule, IC50 values varied in a fairly wide range: from 15 to 2000 nM. In vitro studies on cultures of two human tumor cell lines (BT-474 and A549) and telomerized Fb-hTERT fibroblasts confirmed the cytotoxic effect of aquacobalamin and its hydrophobic derivative HECСA. It was shown that aquacobalamin had weak cytotoxic properties in the concentration range of 3.125–200 µg/l (IC50 &gt; 200 nM), and HECСA significantly reduces the survival of BT-474 and A549 tumor cell lines at high concentrations (100–200 µg/l, IC50 about 100 nM).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Correspondence was shown between the results of in silico chemoreactome screening and in vitro cell culture studies: IC50 values for HECСA were significantly lower than for aquacobalamin, and the conversion factor from chemoreactome estimates to experimental ones was almost the same (2.64 for BT-474, and 2.63 for A549). The results of chemoreactome screening for other tumor cell lines can be used to plan further cell experiments with vitamin B12 derivatives.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Поиск эффективной и безопасной фармакотерапии онкозаболеваний включает оценку влияния молекул-кандидатов на различные типы опухолевых клеток. Витамин В12 и его производные – перспективные биологически активные соединения, свойства которых могут регулироваться посредством модификации их химической структуры.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: проведение хемореактомного скрининга in silico и экспериментального исследования цитотоксической активности in vitro аквакобаламина и гептаметилового эфира цианоаквакобириновой кислоты (ГЭЦАКК).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Хемореактомный скрининг проводили на основании проблемно-ориентированной теории анализа изоморфизма хемографов, которая является расширением алгебраического подхода к задачам машинного обучения и распознавания. Использовали обучаемые алгоритмы вычисления химических расстояний между молекулами, на основе которых определяли значения констант полуингибирования (IC50). Скрининг выполнен для 470 культур опухолевых клеток человека, в т.ч. клеточных линий SNB19 (астроцитома), HCT116 (рак толстой кишки), HeLa (карцинома шейки матки), BT-474 (карцинома протока молочной железы), A549 (карцинома легкого). Гептаметиловый эфир дицианокобириновой кислоты ((CN)2Cby(OCH3)7) получали кипячением раствора витамина В12 в метаноле с серной кислотой (1,0 М) в течение 4 сут. ГЭЦАКК ((CN)(H2O)Cby(OCH3)7) получали путем вакуумной сушки водного раствора (CN)2Cby(OCH3)7 (pH 4,0 и 25 °С). Строение и чистота эфира подтверждены данными ядерного магнитного резонанса 1Н, элементным анализом, масс-спектроскопией MALDI-TоF (англ. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight). Экспериментальные исследования культур опухолевых клеток проводили посредством МТТ-теста с аквакобаламином и ГЭЦАКК на клеточных линиях иммортализированных (теломеризованных) фибробластов (Фб-hTERT), карциномы легкого (А549), рака протока молочной железы (ВТ-474).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Хемореактомный скрининг эффектов молекул позволил получить оценки IC50 роста клеток для 470 линий опухолевых клеток. В зависимости от клеточной линии и молекулы производного витамина В12 значения IC50 изменялись в достаточно широком диапазоне – от 15 до 2000 нМ. Для 120 из 470 линий клеток (включая экспериментально исследованные линии A549, BT-474) противоопухолевая активность ГЭЦАКК была достоверно выше, чем для аквакобаламина. В исследованиях in vitro на культурах двух опухолевых клеточных линий человека (ВТ-474 и А549) и теломеризованных фибробластов Фб-hTERT подтверждено цитотоксическое действие аквакобаламина и его гидрофобного производного ГЭЦАКК. Показано, что аквакобаламин обладает слабыми цитотоксическими свойствами в диапазоне концентраций 3,125–200 мкг/л (IC50 &gt; 200 нМ), а ГЭЦАКК заметно снижает выживаемость опухолевых линий клеток ВТ-474 и А549 при высоких концентрациях (100–200 мкг/л, IC50 порядка 100 нМ).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показано соответствие между результатами хемореактомного скрининга in silico и данными исследований клеточных культур in vitro: значения IC50 для ГЭЦАКК были существенно ниже, чем для аквакобаламина, а коэффициент пересчета с хемореактомных оценок на экспериментальные практически одинаков (2,64 для BT-474 и 2,63 для A549). Результаты хемореактомного скрининга для других опухолевых линий клеток могут быть использованы для планирования последующих клеточных экспериментов с производными витамина В12.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Корриновые производные</kwd><kwd>витамин В12</kwd><kwd>топологический анализ данных</kwd><kwd>фармакоинформатика</kwd><kwd>исследования на клетках в культуре</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Corrin derivatives</kwd><kwd>vitamin B12</kwd><kwd>topological data analysis</kwd><kwd>pharmacoinformatics</kwd><kwd>studies on cells in culture</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 20-12-00175-п на базе ФГБОУ ВО «Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет»</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Thе work was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 20-12-00175-p on the base of Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А., Майорова Л.А. 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