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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2023.163</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-812</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Pharmacoeconomic analysis of antiretroviral therapy regimes in the Syrian Arab Republic</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фармакоэкономический анализ применения схем антиретровирусной терапии у пациентов в Сирийской Арабской Республике</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1377-4796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гущина</surname><given-names>Ю. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gushchina</surname><given-names>Yu. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гущина Юлия Шамилевна – доцент кафедры общей и клинической фармакологии медицинского института</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia Sh. Gushchina – Associate Professor, Chair of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Institute</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklay Str., Moscow 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gushchina-yush@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7178-1260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>А. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрамов Алексей Юрьевич – д.м.н., профессор, директор медицинского института</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Director, Medical Institute</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklay Str., Moscow 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3547-8931</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайсам</surname><given-names>Ю. Дж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Haitham</surname><given-names>Y. J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хайсам Юнес Джамаль – аспирант кафедры общей и клинической фармакологии медицинского института</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Younes J. Haitham – Postgraduate, Chair of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Institute</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklay Str., Moscow 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>186</fpage><lpage>195</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Gushchina Y.S., Abramov А.Y., Haitham Y.J., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гущина Ю.Ш., Абрамов А.Ю., Хайсам Ю.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gushchina Y.S., Abramov А.Y., Haitham Y.J.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/812">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/812</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Due to the significant prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and limited funding in the Syrian Arab Republic (SAR), pharmacoeconomic study of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens is relevant, as it allows to choose a rational, pharmacoeconomically reasonable therapy for HIV-infected patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to perform pharmacoeconomic analysis of ART regimens HIV-infected in patients in SAR.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The following algorithm of actions was used: assessment of the cost of prescribed antiretroviral drugs; cost analysis of applied ART regimens. From the auction documentation, information was taken on the total number of purchased drugs and their cost at the end of the auction. To calculate prices in rubles, currency conversion was carried out as of January 1, 2021. To calculate the cost of an assigned regimen, the summation of the costs of its components was carried out. Based on the obtained data, the average cost of combinations of certain antiretroviral drugs classes was calculated. To predict the results of using various ART regimens for 5 years, discounting was used for each year of the time horizon, except for the first year.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was revealed that the most expensive drugs are the reserve series: Fuzeon® (enfuvirtide; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Switzerland) – 66,492.1 rubles and Isentress® (raltegravir; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme, Netherlands) – 31,634.6 rubles, and the lowest price per package was noted for Russian drugs Timazid® (zidovudine) – 471.0 rubles and Nikavir® (phosphazide) – 743.8 rubles (both – AZT Pharma K.B. LLC, Russia). The average cost of the first prescribed regimen was 8,970.0 rubles/month, while the most expensive first-line regimens included a protease inhibitors class drug as the third component. As a result of the analysis of the cost of second-line and third-line regimens, it was revealed that the average cost of second-line therapy per month exceeded the average cost of first-line therapy by 4 times (40,154.2 rubles/month). The initial “azidothymidine, zidovudine / lamivudine + efavirenz” group had fewer hospitalizations, lower mortality, and fewer years of life expectancy lost than on “azidothymidine, zidovudine / lamivudine + atazanavir, ritonavir” and “phosphazide + didanosine + efavirenz” regimens.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A pharmacoepidemiological study showed that the cost of second-line therapy per month was 40,154.2 rubles, which exceeded the average cost of first-line therapy by 4 times (9,266.1 rubles). It was revealed that the average cost of the first prescribed ART regimen based on two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and protease inhibitor was 2 times higher than the average cost of regimens based on two NRTIs + non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which, along with clinical aspects, raised the question of the expediency of their appointment as first-line regimens.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Из-за значительной распространенности заражения вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) и ограниченного финансирования лечения таких пациентов в Сирийской Арабской Республике (САР) актуальным является изучение применения схем антиретровирусной терапии (АРВТ), т.к. оно позволяет выбрать рациональную, фармакоэкономически обоснованную терапию ВИЧ-инфицированных больных.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: провести фармакоэкономический анализ применения схем АРВТ у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов в САР.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Использовали следующий алгоритм действий: оценка стоимости назначенных антиретровирусных препаратов и анализ затрат на применяемые схемы АРВТ. Из аукционной документации были взяты сведения о стоимости закупленных препаратов, рассчитывали цены в рублях на 1 января 2021 г. Определяли стоимость схем, суммируя стоимости компонентов. Полученные данные позволили рассчитать среднюю стоимость комбинаций определенных классов антиретровирусных препаратов. Для прогнозирования результатов применения различных схем АРВТ в течение 5 лет использовали дисконтирование по каждому году временного горизонта, за исключением 1-го года.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлено, что наиболее дорогостоящими являются препараты резервного ряда: Фузеон® (энфувиртид; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Швейцария) – 66 492,10 руб. и Исентресс® (ралтегравир; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme, Нидерланды) – 31 634,60 руб., а наименьшая цена за упаковку отмечена у отечественных препаратов Тимазид® (зидовудин) – 471,00 руб. и Никавир® (фосфазид) – 743,80 руб. (оба – ООО «АЗТ Фарма К.Б.», Россия). Средняя стоимость первой назначенной схемы составляла 8970,0 руб/мес, наиболее дорогие схемы первого ряда включали препараты класса ингибиторов протеазы. В результате анализа стоимости схем второго и третьего рядов выявлено, что средняя стоимость терапии второго ряда превосходит таковую первого ряда в 4 раза (40 154,20 руб/мес). В группе, в которой изначально назначалась схема «азидотимидин, зидовудин / ламивудин + эфавиренз», отмечено меньшее число случаев госпитализации, более низкие показатели смертности и меньшее число потерянных лет жизни, чем при схемах «азидотимидин, зидовудин / ламивудин + атазанавир, ритонавир» и «фосфазид + диданозин + эфавиренз».</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На основе фармакоэкономической оценки стоимости применяемой в САР антиретровирусной терапии выявлено, что средняя стоимость терапии второго ряда в месяц составляет 40154,2 руб., что превосходит среднюю стоимость терапии первого ряда в 4 раза (9266,1 руб.). Определено, что средняя стоимость первой назначенной схемы АРВТ на основе двух нуклеозидных ингибиторов обратной транскриптазы (НИОТ) и ингибитора протеазы в 2 раза выше средней стоимости схем на основе двух НИОТ и ненуклеозидного ингибитора обратной транскриптазы, что наряду с клиническими аспектами ставит вопрос о целесообразности их назначения в качестве схем первого ряда.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Фармакоэкономический анализ</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>АРВТ</kwd><kwd>вирус иммунодефицита человека</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>Сирийская Арабская Республика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Pharmacoeconomic analysis</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd><kwd>AVT</kwd><kwd>human immunodeficiency virus</kwd><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>Syrian Arab Republic</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacobsen M.M., Walensky R.P. 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