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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2022.142</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-695</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Biophysical modeling indicates a high affinity of ethyl esters of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to the enzymes of the pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid cascade</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биофизическое моделирование указывает на высокое сродство этиловых эфиров омега-3 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот к ферментам провоспалительного каскада арахидоновой кислоты</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2659-7998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торшин</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torshin</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Торшин Иван Юрьевич – к.ф-м.н., к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник Института фармакоинформатики. WoS ResearcherID: C-7683-2018; Scopus Author ID: 7003300274; РИНЦ SPIN-код: 1375-1114</p><p>ул. Вавилова, д. 44, корп. 2, Москва 119333</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan Yu. Torshin – PhD (Phys. Math.), PhD (Chem.), Senior Researcher, Institute of Pharmacoinformatics. WoS ResearcherID: C-7683-2018; Scopus Author ID: 7003300274; RSCI SPIN-code: 1375-1114</p><p>44 corp. 2 Vavilov Str., Moscow 2119333</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-710X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Громова Ольга Алексеевна – д.м.н., профессор, научный руководитель Института фармакоинформатики. WoS ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; Scopus Author ID: 7003589812; РИНЦ SPIN-код: 6317-9833</p><p>ул. Вавилова, д. 44, корп. 2, Москва 119333</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Gromova – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Research Supervisor, Institute of Pharmacoinformatics. WoS ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; Scopus Author ID: 7003589812; RSCI SPIN-code: 6317-9833</p><p>44 corp. 2 Vavilov Str., Moscow 2119333</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">unesco.gromova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management”, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>221</fpage><lpage>229</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Torshin I.Y., Gromova O.A., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Torshin I.Y., Gromova O.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/695">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/695</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are widely used in modern cardiology. The anti-inflammatory effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is realized, in particular, by modulating the activity of the arachidonic acid (ARA) cascade.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to conduct biophysical analysis of the interactions of various forms of PUFAs (ARA, EPA, DHA, EPA and DHA ethyl esters) with three target proteins-enzymes of the ARA cascade (cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), COX-2, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LPOG)).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The minimization of the energy of the ligand-receptor complexes at various initial positions of the molecule relative to the receptor pocket and the molecular energy profiles of the protein (the energy of side chain transfer from solvent to protein) were calculated using the ECMMS package.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. EPA and DHA ethyl esters were characterized by significantly higher absolute values of specific binding energies of target proteins than ARA or simply EPA/DHA. For example, in the case of COX-2, EPA, DHA and EPA ethyl ester had similar ∆∆G values (–3.0...–3.1 kcal/mol), while the COX-2 complex with DHA ethyl ester was somewhat more stable (∆∆G = –3.4 kcal/mol). In the case of the 5-LPOG enzyme, the complex with EPA ethyl ester was the most stable (∆∆G = –1.62 kcal/mol). Higher absolute binding energies indicate a higher affinity of EPA and DHA ethyl esters to enzymes of the ARA cascade.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results suggest that the high affinity of EPA and DHA ethyl esters to the enzymes of the ARA cascade is one of the molecular bases of therapeutic efficacy of ω-3 PUFAs with high degree of standardization.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Омега-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты (ω-3 ПНЖК) широко используются в современной кардиологии. Противовоспалительный эффект эйкозапентаеновой кислоты (ЭПК) и докозагексаеновой кислоты (ДГК) осуществляется, в частности, за счет модуляции активности каскада арахидоновой кислоты (АРК).</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: провести биофизический анализ взаимодействий различных форм ПНЖК (АРК, ЭПК, ДГК, этиловые эфиры ЭПК и ДГК) с тремя таргетными белками – ферментами каскада АРК (циклооксигеназа-1 (ЦОГ-1), ЦОГ-2, 5-липоксигеназа (5-ЛПОГ)).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Минимизацию энергии комплексов «лиганд–рецептор» при различных начальных расположениях молекулы относительно кармана рецептора и молекулярные энергетические профили белка (энергии переноса боковой цепи из растворителя в белок) вычисляли посредством пакета ECMMS.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Этиловые эфиры ЭПК и ДГК характеризовались значительно бо́льшими абсолютными значениями энергий специфического связывания таргетных белков, чем АРК или просто ЭПК/ДГК. Например, в случае ЦОГ-2 ЭПК, ДГК и этиловый эфир ЭПК имели близкие значения ∆∆G (–3,0...–3,1 ккал/моль), в то время как комплекс ЦОГ-2 с этиловым эфиром ДГК был несколько более стабилен (∆∆G = –3,4 ккал/моль). В случае фермента 5-ЛПОГ наиболее стабильным был комплекс с этиловым эфиром ЭПК (∆∆G = –1,62 ккал/моль). Более высокие абсолютные значения энергий связывания указывают на более высокое сродство этиловых эфиров ЭПК и ДГК к ферментам каскада АРК.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты позволяют предположить, что высокое сродство этиловых эфиров ЭПК и ДГК к таргетным белкам каскада АРК является одной из молекулярных основ терапевтической эффективности препаратов ω-3 ПНЖК с высокой степенью стандартизации.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Аффинность к рецепторам</kwd><kwd>омега-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>ПНЖК</kwd><kwd>молекулярная фармакология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Receptor affinity</kwd><kwd>omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids</kwd><kwd>PUFAs</kwd><kwd>molecular pharmacology</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнялась по государственному заданию № 0063-2019-0003 «Математические методы анализа данных и прогнозирования» с использованием инфраструктуры Центра коллективного пользования «Высокопроизводительные вычисления и большие данные» ФИЦ ИУ РАН (г. Москва).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research was conducted under the government contract No. 0063-2019-0003 “Mathematical methods of data analysis and forecasting” using the infrastructure of the Shared Research Facilities “High Performance Computing and Big Data” of Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management”, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li W.L., Zhang N.H., Ge S.W., Xu G. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and mortality in CKD population: a 1999–2014 NHANES analysis. Am J Nephrol. 2021; 52 (12): 909–18. https://doi.org/10.1159/000520027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li W.L., Zhang N.H., Ge S.W., Xu G. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and mortality in CKD population: a 1999–2014 NHANES analysis. 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