farmaecFARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and PharmacoepidemiologyФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология2070-49092070-4933IRBIS LLC10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2021.100farmaec-551Research ArticleREVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИAn economic evaluation of pre-dialysis stage of chronic kidney diseaseКлинико-экономические исследования додиализной стадии хронической болезни почекhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-4139РумянцеваЕ. И.RumiantsevaE. I.

Румянцева Елизавета Ильинична – аспирант Института лидерства и управления здравоохранением

РИНЦ SPIN-код: 3826-1535

ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва 119991, Россия

Elizaveta I. Rumiantseva – Postgraduate, Institute of Leadership and Health Management

RSCI SPIN-code: 3826-1535

8 bld. 2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119991, Russia

lizarum17@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6660-0402АвксентьеваМ. В.AvxentyevaM. V.

Авксентьева Мария Владимировна – д.м.н., профессор Института лидерства и управления здравоохранением

Scopus Author ID: 56308310000; РИНЦ SPIN-код: 3333-4237

ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва 119991, Россия

Maria V. Avxentyeva – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Institute of Leadership and Health Management 

Scopus Author ID: 56308310000; RSCI SPIN-code: 3333-4237

8 bld. 2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119991, Russia

Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияSechenov UniversityRussian Federation202107102021143365378Copyright © Rumiantseva E.I., Avxentyeva M.V., 20212021Румянцева Е.И., Авксентьева М.В.Rumiantseva E.I., Avxentyeva M.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/551Objective

Objective: to review clinical and economic studies on the pre-dialysis stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the cost-effectiveness of medical interventions used to detect CKD and prevent its progression.

Material and methods

Material and methods. Articles were collected from the bibliographic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library and eLibrary for 2010–2020. Keywords for the search: ‘chronic kidney disease (CKD)’, ‘cost-effectiveness’, ‘economic evaluation’, ‘economic burden’, ‘cost’, ‘healthcare’. After the selection and elimination of the repeated articles, we reviewed 36 Russian and foreign studies on the economic burden of CKD and the clinical and economic effectiveness of various medical interventions of the CKD pre-dialysis stage.

Results

Results. We found 21 studies on the economic burden of CKD. A significant part of them (n=6) was performed in the United States.The methodology for assessing the economic burden varied significantly from study to study. Studies on medical interventions at the CKD predialysis stage can be divided into three groups: Group 1 (n=9) – studies on the clinical and economic effectiveness of screening programs; Group 2 (n=3) – studies on the clinical and economic effectiveness of nephroprotectors and other drugs that slow down the course of CKD; and Group 3 (n=3) – studies on the clinical and economic effectiveness of multidisciplinary care. We concluded on the clinical and economic feasibility of most interventions that were used to detect CKD and prevent its progression.

Conclusion

Conclusion. We did not find any scientific data that could currently serve as a justification for the clinical and economic feasibility of CKD control programs in the Russian Federation. At the same time, studies conducted in foreign countries on the screening for CKD and some interventions aimed at slowing the progression of CKD suggest that in the Russian Federation, such approaches can be justified not only clinically, but also economically. It is necessary to conduct domestic research on the clinical and economic feasibility of interventions aimed at identifying and treating CKD at an early stage.

Цель

Цель: проанализировать на основе литературных данных экономическое бремя додиализных стадий хронической болезни почек (ХБП) и затратную эффективность медицинских вмешательств, применяющихся для выявления ХБП и профилактики ее прогрессирования.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Выполнен поиск статей в библиографических базах данных PubMed, Cochrane Library и eLibrary за 2010–2020 гг. Ключевые слова и словосочетания для поиска: ‘chronic kidney disease (CKD)’, ‘cost-effectiveness’, ‘economic evaluation’, ‘economic burden’, ‘cost’, ‘healthcare’. Включали оригинальные исследования, в которых оценивалась затратная эффективность медицинских вмешательств или экономическое бремя додиализных стадий ХБП. После отбора и исключения повторов в анализ вошли 36 российских и зарубежных исследований.

Результаты

Результаты. Найдено 21 исследование экономического бремени ХБП, значительная часть которых (n=6) выполнена в США. Методики оценки экономического бремени в разных работах значительно варьируют. Исследования медицинских вмешательств на додиализных стадиях ХБП можно разделить на три группы: 1-я группа (n=9) – работы, посвященные клинико-экономической эффективности скрининговых программ; 2-я группа (n=3) – исследования клинико-экономической эффективности нефропротекторов и других препаратов, замедляющих течение ХБП; 3-я группа – исследования, посвященные клинико-экономической эффективности мультидисциплинарной помощи (n=3). В большинстве исследований вмешательств, применяющихся для выявления ХБП и профилактики ее прогрессирования, авторы приходят к выводу об их клинико-экономической целесообразности.

Заключение

Заключение. Нами не обнаружено научных данных, которые в настоящее время могли бы послужить обоснованием клиникоэкономической целесообразности программ борьбы с ХБП в Российской Федерации. В то же время выполненные в зарубежных странах исследования по скринингу на ХБП и некоторым вмешательствам, направленным на замедление прогрессирования ХБП, позволяют предположить, что и в России подобные подходы могут быть обоснованы не только клинически, но и экономически. Необходимо проведение отечественных исследований клинико-экономической целесообразности вмешательств, направленных на выявление и лечение ХБП на ранних стадиях.

Хроническая болезнь почекклинико-экономический анализэкономическое бремядодиализные стадии хронической болезни почекChronic kidney diseasecost-effectiveness analysiseconomic burdeneconomic evaluationpre-dialysis stage of chronic kidney diseaseReferencesLv J.C., Zhang L.X. Prevalence and disease burden of chronic kidney disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019; 1165: 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_1.Lv J.C., Zhang L.X. Prevalence and disease burden of chronic kidney disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019; 1165: 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_1.Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990– 2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10225): 709–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30045-3.Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10225): 709–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30045-3.Global, regional, and national age–sex specific all-cause and cause specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015; 385 (9963): 117–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2.Global, regional, and national age–sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015; 385 (9963): 117–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2.Лакман И.А., Халикова А.А., Корженевский А.А. Оценка влияния различных исходов трансплантации почки на экономические затраты при лечении хронической болезни почек. Здравоохранение Российской Федерации. 2018; 62 (2): 60–7. https://doi.org/10.18821/0044-197X-2018-62-2-60-67.Lakman I.A., Khalikova A.A., Korzhenevskiy A.A. The evaluation of effect of various outcomes of kidney transplantation surgery on economic costs under treatment of kidneys chronic disease. Health Care of the Russian Federation. 2018; 62 (2): 60–7 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18821/0044-197X-2018-62-2-60-67.Wyld M.L., Lee C.M., Zhuo X., et al. Cost to government and society of chronic kidney disease stage 1–5: a national cohort study. Intern Med J. 2015; 45 (7): 741–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.12797.Wyld M.L., Lee C.M., Zhuo X., et al. Cost to government and society of chronic kidney disease stage 1–5: a national cohort study. Intern Med J. 2015; 45 (7): 741–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.12797.Satyavani K., Kothandan H., Jayaraman M., Viswanathan V. Direct costs associated with chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients in India. Indian J Nephrol. 2014; 24 (3): 141–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-4065.132000.Satyavani K., Kothandan H., Jayaraman M., Viswanathan V. Direct costs associated with chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients in India. Indian J Nephrol. 2014; 24 (3): 141–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-4065.132000.Ozieh M.N., Bishu K.G., Dismuke C.E., Egede L.E. Trends in healthcare expenditure in United States adults with chronic kidney disease: 2002–2011. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017; 17 (1): 368. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2303-3.Ozieh M.N., Bishu K.G., Dismuke C.E., Egede L.E. Trends in healthcare expenditure in United States adults with chronic kidney disease: 2002–Golestaneh L., Alvarez P.J., Reaven N.L., et al. All-cause costs increase exponentially with increased chronic kidney disease stage. Am J Manag Care. 2017; 23 (10 Suppl.): S163–72.BMC Health Serv Res. 2017; 17 (1): 368. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2303-3.McQueen R.B., Farahbakhshian S., Bell K.F., et al. Economic burden of comorbid chronic kidney disease and diabetes. J Med Econ. 2017; 20 (6): 585–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2017.1288127.Golestaneh L., Alvarez P.J., Reaven N.L., et al. All-cause costs increase exponentially with increased chronic kidney disease stage. Am J Manag Care. 2017; 23 (10 Suppl.): S163–72.Lage M.J., Boye K.S., Bae J.P., et al. The association between the severity of chronic kidney disease and medical costs among patients with type 2 diabetes. J Med Econ. 2018; 22 (5): 447–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2019.1581208.McQueen R.B., Farahbakhshian S., Bell K.F., et al. Economic burden of comorbid chronic kidney disease and diabetes. J Med Econ. 2017; 20 (6): 585–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2017.1288127.Vupputuri S., Kimes T.M., Colloway M.O., et al. The economic burden of progressive chronic kidney disease among patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complicat. 2014; 28 (1): 10–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.09.014.Lage M.J., Boye K.S., Bae J.P., et al. The association between the severity of chronic kidney disease and medical costs among patients with type 2 diabetes. J Med Econ. 2018; 22 (5): 447–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2019.1581208.Manns B., Hummelgarn B., Tonelli M., et al. The cost of care for people with chronic kidney disease. Can J Kidney Dis. 2019; 6: 2054358119835521. https://doi.org/10.1177/2054358119835521.Vupputuri S., Kimes T.M., Colloway M.O., et al. The economic burden of progressive chronic kidney disease among patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complicat. 2014; 28 (1): 10–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.09.014.Darbà J., Marsà A. Chronic kidney disease in Spain: analysis of patient characteristics, incidence and direct medical costs (2011–2017). J Med Econ. 2020; 23 (12): 1623–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2020.1830782.Manns B., Hummelgarn B., Tonelli M., et al. The cost of care for people with chronic kidney disease. Can J Kidney Dis. 2019; 6: 2054358119835521. https://doi.org/10.1177/2054358119835521.Nguyen N.T., Cockwel P., Maxwell A.P., et al. Chronic kidney disease, health-related quality of life and their associated economic burden among a nationally representative sample of community dwelling adults in England. PLoS One. 2018; 13 (11): e0207960. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207960.Darbà J., Marsà A. Chronic kidney disease in Spain: analysis of patient characteristics, incidence and direct medical costs (2011–2017). J Med Econ. 2020; 23 (12): 1623–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2020.1830782.Low S., Lim S.C., Zhang X., et al. Medical costs associated with chronic kidney disease progression in an Asian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nephrology (Carlton). 2019; 24 (5): 534–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13478.Nguyen N.T., Cockwel P., Maxwell A.P., et al. Chronic kidney disease, health-related quality of life and their associated economic burden among a nationally representative sample of community dwelling adults in England. PLoS One. 2018; 13 (11): e0207960. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207960.Lim G.J., Liu Y.L., Low S., et al. Medical costs associated with severity of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2020; 49 (10): 731–41.Low S., Lim S.C., Zhang X., et al. Medical costs associated with chronic kidney disease progression in an Asian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nephrology (Carlton). 2019; 24 (5): 534–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13478.Goncalves G.M., Silva E.N. Cost of chronic kidney disease attributable to diabetes from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Health System. PLoS One. 2018; 13 (10): e0203992. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203992.Lim G.J., Liu Y.L., Low S., et al. Medical costs associated with severity of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2020; 49 (10): 731–41.Ahlawat R., Tiwari P., D’Cruz S. Direct cost for treating chronic kidney disease at an outpatient setting of a tertiary hospital: evidence from a cross-sectional study. Value Health Reg Issues. 2017; 12: 36–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vhri.2016.10.003.Goncalves G.M., Silva E.N. Cost of chronic kidney disease attributable to diabetes from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Health System. PLoS One. 2018; 13 (10): e0203992. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203992.Turchetti G., Belleli S., Amato M., et al. The social cost of chronic kidney disease in Italy. Eur J Health Econ. 2017; 18 (7): 847–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-016-0830-1.Ahlawat R., Tiwari P., D’Cruz S. Direct cost for treating chronic kidney disease at an outpatient setting of a tertiary hospital: evidence from a cross-sectional study. Value Health Reg Issues. 2017; 12: 36–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vhri.2016.10.003.Kerr M., Bray B., Medcalf J., et al. Estimating the financial cost of chronic kidney disease to the NHS in England. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012; 27 (Suppl. 3): iii73–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfs269.Turchetti G., Belleli S., Amato M., et al. The social cost of chronic kidney disease in Italy. Eur J Health Econ. 2017; 18 (7): 847–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-016-0830-1.Honeycutt A.A., Segel J.E., Zhuo X., et al. Medical costs of CKD in the Medicare population. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013; 24 (9): 1478–83. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2012040392.Kerr M., Bray B., Medcalf J., et al. Estimating the financial cost of chronic kidney disease to the NHS in England. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012; 27 (Suppl. 3): iii73–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfs269.Gandjour A., Armsen W., Wehmeyer W., et al. Costs of patients with chronic kidney disease in Germany. PLoS One. 2020; 15 (4): e0231375. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231375.Honeycutt A.A., Segel J.E., Zhuo X., et al. Medical costs of CKD in the Medicare population. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013; 24 (9): 1478–83. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2012040392.Kim S.H., Jo M.W., Go D.S., et al. Economic burden of chronic kidney disease in Korea using national sample cohort. J Nephrol. 2017; 30 (6): 787–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-017-0380-3.Gandjour A., Armsen W., Wehmeyer W., et al. Costs of patients with chronic kidney disease in Germany. PLoS One. 2020; 15 (4): e0231375. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231375.Oosten M.J., Logtenberg S.J., Leegte M.J., et al. Age-related difference in health care use and costs of patients with chronic kidney disease and matched controls: analysis of Dutch health care claims data. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2020; 35 (12): 2138–46. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfz146.Kim S.H., Jo M.W., Go D.S., et al. Economic burden of chronic kidney disease in Korea using national sample cohort. J Nephrol. 2017; 30 (6): 787–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-017-0380-3.Critselis E., Vlahou A., Stel V., Morton R.L. Cost-effectiveness of screening type 2 diabetes patients for chronic kidney disease progression with the CKD273 urinary peptide classifier as compared to urinary albumin excretion. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018; 33 (3): 441–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfx068.Oosten M.J., Logtenberg S.J., Leegte M.J., et al. Age-related difference in health care use and costs of patients with chronic kidney disease and matched controls: analysis of Dutch health care claims data. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2020; 35 (12): 2138–46. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfz146.Good D.M., Zürbig P., Argilés A., et al. Naturally occurring human urinary peptides for use in diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2010; 9 (11): 2424–37. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M110.001917.Critselis E., Vlahou A., Stel V., Morton R.L. Cost-effectiveness of screening type 2 diabetes patients for chronic kidney disease progression with the CKD273 urinary peptide classifier as compared to urinary albumin excretion. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018; 33 (3): 441–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfx068.Boersma C., Gansevoort R.T., Pechlivanoglou P., et al. Screenand treat strategies for albuminuria to prevent cardiovascular and renal disease: cost-effectiveness of nationwide and targeted interventions based on analysis of cohort data from the Netherlands. Clin Ther. 2010; 32 (6): 1103–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.06.013.Good D.M., Zürbig P., Argilés A., et al. Naturally occurring human urinary peptides for use in diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2010; 9 (11): 2424–37. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M110.001917.Howard K., White S., Salkeld G., et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening and optimal management for diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease: a modeled analysis. Value Health. 2010; 13 (2): 196–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00668.x.Boersma C., Gansevoort R.T., Pechlivanoglou P., et al. Screenand treat strategies for albuminuria to prevent cardiovascular and renal disease: cost-effectiveness of nationwide and targeted interventions based on analysis of cohort data from the Netherlands. Clin Ther. 2010; 32 (6): 1103–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.06.013.Kessler R., Keusch G., Szucs T.D., et al. Health economic modelling of the cost-effectiveness of microalbuminuria screening in Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012; 142: w13508. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2012.13508.Howard K., White S., Salkeld G., et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening and optimal management for diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease: a modeled analysis. Value Health. 2010; 13 (2): 196–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00668.x.Ferguson T.W., Tangro N., Tan Z., et al. Screening for chronic kidney disease in Canadian indigenous peoples is cost-effective. Kidney Int. 2017; 92 (1): 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.022.Kessler R., Keusch G., Szucs T.D., et al. Health economic modelling of the cost-effectiveness of microalbuminuria screening in Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012; 142: w13508. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2012.13508.Manns B., Hemmelgarn B., Tonelli M., et al. Population based screening for chronic kidney disease: cost effectiveness study. BMJ. 2010; 8 (341): c5869. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c5869.Ferguson T.W., Tangro N., Tan Z., et al. Screening for chronic kidney disease in Canadian indigenous peoples is cost-effective. Kidney Int. 2017; 92 (1): 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.022.Kondo M., Yamagata K., Hoshi S.L., et al. Cost-effectiveness of chronic kidney disease mass screening test in Japan. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2012; 16 (2): 279–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-011-0567-1.Manns B., Hemmelgarn B., Tonelli M., et al. Population based screening for chronic kidney disease: cost effectiveness study. BMJ. 2010; 8 (341): c5869. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c5869.Hoerger T.J., Wittenborn J.S., Segel J.E., et al. A health policy model of CKD: 2. The cost-effectiveness of microalbuminuria screening. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010; 55 (3): 463–73. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.11.017.Kondo M., Yamagata K., Hoshi S.L., et al. Cost-effectiveness of chronic kidney disease mass screening test in Japan. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2012; 16 (2): 279–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-011-0567-1.Go D.S., Kim S.H., Park J., et al. Cost-utility analysis of the National Health Screening Program for chronic kidney disease in Korea. Nephrology (Carlton). 2019; 24 (1): 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13203.Hoerger T.J., Wittenborn J.S., Segel J.E., et al. A health policy model of CKD: 2. The cost-effectiveness of microalbuminuria screening. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010; 55 (3): 463–73. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.11.017.Alfie J., Aparicio L.S., Waisman G.D. Current strategies to achieve further cardiac and renal protection through enhanced renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibition. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2011; 6 (2): 134–46. https://doi.org/10.2174/157488711795177912.Go D.S., Kim S.H., Park J., et al. Cost-utility analysis of the National Health Screening Program for chronic kidney disease in Korea. Nephrology (Carlton). 2019; 24 (1): 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13203.Vejakama P., Ingsathit A., McKay G.J., et al. Treatment effects of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system blockade on kidney failure and mortality in chronic kidney disease patients. BMC Nephrol. 2017; 18 (1): 342. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-017-0753-9.Alfie J., Aparicio L.S., Waisman G.D. Current strategies to achieve further cardiac and renal protection through enhanced renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibition. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2011; 6 (2): 134–46. https://doi.org/10.2174/157488711795177912.Pattanaprateep O., Ingsathit A., McEvoy M., et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system blockade in progression of chronic kidney disease. Value Health Reg Issues. 2018; 15: 155–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vhri.2017.12.011.Vejakama P., Ingsathit A., McKay G.J., et al. Treatment effects of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system blockade on kidney failure and mortality in chronic kidney disease patients. BMC Nephrol. 2017; 18 (1): 342. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-017-0753-9.Permsuwan U., Dilokthornsakul P., Thavorn K., et al. Cost effectiveness of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor monotherapy versus sulfonylurea monotherapy for people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in Thailand. J Med Econ. 2017; 20 (2): 171–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2016.1238386.Pattanaprateep O., Ingsathit A., McEvoy M., et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system blockade in progression of chronic kidney disease. Value Health Reg Issues. 2018; 15: 155–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vhri.2017.12.011.Widén J., Ivarsson M., Schalin L., et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of patiromer in combination with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors for chronic kidney disease in Sweden. Pharmacoeconomics. 2020; 38 (7): 747–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-020-00902-w.Permsuwan U., Dilokthornsakul P., Thavorn K., et al. Cost effectiveness of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor monotherapy versus sulfonylurea monotherapy for people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in Thailand. J Med Econ. 2017; 20 (2): 171–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2016.1238386.Hwang S.J., Tsai J.C., Chen H.C. Epidemiology, impact and preventive care of chronic kidney disease in Taiwan. Nephrology (Carlton). 2010; 15 (Suppl. 2): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2010.01304.x.Widén J., Ivarsson M., Schalin L., et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of patiromer in combination with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors for chronic kidney disease in Sweden. Pharmacoeconomics. 2020; 38 (7): 747–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-020-00902-w.Lin E., Chertow G.M., Yan B., et al. Cost-effectiveness of multidisciplinary care in mild to moderate chronic kidney disease in the United States: a modeling study. PLoS Med. 2018; 15 (3): e1002532. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002532.Hwang S.J., Tsai J.C., Chen H.C. Epidemiology, impact and preventive care of chronic kidney disease in Taiwan. Nephrology (Carlton). 2010; 15 (Suppl. 2): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2010.01304.x.Wei S.Y., Chang Y.Y., Mau L.W., et al. Chronic kidney disease care program improves quality of pre-end-stage renal disease care and reduces medical costs. Nephrology (Carlton). 2010; 15 (1): 108–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2009.01154.x.Lin E., Chertow G.M., Yan B., et al. Cost-effectiveness of multidisciplinary care in mild to moderate chronic kidney disease in the United States: a modeling study. PLoS Med. 2018; 15 (3): e1002532. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002532.Chen P.M., Lai T.S., Chen P.Y., et al. Multidisciplinary care program for advanced chronic kidney disease: reduces renal replacement and medical costs. Am J Med. 2015; 128 (1): 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.07.042.Wei S.Y., Chang Y.Y., Mau L.W., et al. Chronic kidney disease care program improves quality of pre-end-stage renal disease care and reduces medical costs. Nephrology (Carlton). 2010; 15 (1): 108–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2009.01154.x.Ягудина Р.И., Серпик В.Г., Абдрашитова Г.Т., Котенко О.Н. Экономическое бремя хронической болезни почек в Российской Федерации. Фармакоэкономика: теория и практика. 2014; 2 (4): 34–9.Chen P.M., Lai T.S., Chen P.Y., et al. Multidisciplinary care program for advanced chronic kidney disease: reduces renal replacement and medical costs. Am J Med. 2015; 128 (1): 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.07.042.Ряженов В.В., Горохова С.Г. Фармакоэкономические аспекты лечения анемии у российских пациентов с хронической болезнью почек. Клиническая нефрология. 2014; 6: 32–5.Yagudina R.I., Serpik V.G., Abdrashitova G.T., Kotenko O.N. The economic burden of chronic kidney disease in the Russian Federation. Pharmacoeconomics: Theory and Practice. 2014; 2 (4): 34–9 (in Russ.).Серпик В.Г. Результаты разработки комплексной фармако экономической модели лечения осложнений хронической почечной недостаточности. ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармако экономика и фармакоэпидемиология. 2013; 6 (1): 51.Ryazhenov V.V., Gorokhova S.G. Pharmacoeconomic aspects of the treatment of anemia in Russian patients with chronic kidney disease. Clinical Nephrology. 2014; 6: 32–5 (in Russ.).Ягудина Р.И., Куликов А.Ю., Морозов А.Л. Фармакоэкономиче ская оценка применения препаратов эритропоэтинов для лечения анемии у больных хронической почечной недостаточностью. ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Cовременная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология. 2009; 2 (3): 39–44.Serpik V.G. Development results of complex pharmacoeconomical model of chronic kidney insufficiency complications treatment. FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Sovremennaya farmakoekonomika i farmako epidemiologiya / FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology. 2013; 6 (1): 51 (in Russ.).Макеева Е.Р. Наличие хронической болезни почек повышает прямые медицинские затраты на лечение больных хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2009; 8 (6 Прил. 1): 221.Yagudina R.I., Kulikov A.Yu., Morozov A.L. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of treatment anemia with erythropoietic agents in chronic kidney disease patients. FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Sovremennaya farmakoekonomika i farmakoepidemiologiya / FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology. 2009; 2 (3): 39–44 (in Russ.).Ягудина Р.И., Серпик В.Г., Абдрашитова Г.Т. Фармако экономический анализ оказания медицинской помощи больным с хронической болезнью почек, нуждающимся в проведении заместительной почечной терапии методами перитонеального диализа и гемодиализа в условиях российского здраво охранения. Фармакоэкономика: теория и практика. 2015; 3 (3): 103–10.Makeeva Е.R. The chronic kidney disease increases the direct medical costs on treating patients with chronic heart failure. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2009; 8 (6 Suppl. 1): 221 (in Russ.).Ягудина Р.И., Шилов Е.М., Серпик В.Г., Абдрашитова Г.Т. Методология проведения фармакоэкономического анализа в нефрологии. Нефрология. 2016; 20 (4): 25–30.Yagudina R.I., Serpik V.G., Abdrashitova G.T. Pharmacoeconomic analysis of medical care for chronic renal disease patients in need of renal replacement therapy via peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis in the Russian healthcare environment. Pharmacoeconomics: Theory and Practice. 2015; 3 (3): 103–10 (in Russ.).Ягудина Р.И., Куликов А.Ю., Серпик В.Г. и др. Фармакоэкономика хронической болезни почек. Ведомости научного центра экспертизы средств медицинского применения. 2015; 1: 59–62.Yagudina R.I., Shilov E.M., Serpik V.G., Abdrashitova G.T. Methodology for pharmacoeconomic analysis in nephrology. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2016; 20 (4): 25–30 (in Russ.).Нефрологи Москвы объявили 2019-й годом амбулаторной работы. URL: https://medvestnik.ru/content/news/Nefrologi-Moskvy-obyavili-2019-i-godom-ambulatornoi-raboty.html (дата обращения 12.08.2021).Yagudina R.I., Kulikov A.Yu., Serpik V.G., et al. Pharmacoeconomics of chronic kidney disease. The Bulletin of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products. 2015; 1: 59–62 (in Russ.).Moscow nephrologists have declared 2019 the year of outpatient work. Available at: https://medvestnik.ru/content/news/Nefrologi Moskvy-obyavili-2019-i-godom-ambulatornoi-raboty.html (in Russ.) (accessed 12.08.2021).Moscow nephrologists have declared 2019 the year of outpatient work. Available at: https://medvestnik.ru/content/news/Nefrologi Moskvy-obyavili-2019-i-godom-ambulatornoi-raboty.html (in Russ.) (accessed 12.08.2021).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.