<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2021.074</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-548</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Increasing the medico-economic efficiency of preventive counseling for patients with arterial hypertension and behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>О повышении медико-экономической эффективности профилактического консультирования пациентов с артериальной гипертензией, имеющих поведенческие факторы риска неинфекционных заболеваний</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-4668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Задворная</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zadvornaya</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Задворная Ольга Леонидовна – д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой организации здравоохранения и общественного здоровья </p><p>ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, Москва 125993, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga L. Zadvornaya – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Chief of Chair of Health Organization and Public Health </p><p>2/1 bld. 1 Barrikadnaya Str., Moscow 125993, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga-l-zadvornaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4567-256X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пищита</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pishchita</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пищита Александр Николаевич – д.м.н., д.ю.н., профессор кафедры организации здравоохранения и общественного здоровья</p><p>РИНЦ SPIN-код: 2021-8342</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, Москва 125993, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr N. Pishchita – Dr. Med. Sc., Dr. J. Sc., Professor, Chair of Health Organization and Public Health</p><p>RSCI SPIN-code: 2021-8342</p><p>2/1 bld. 1 Barrikadnaya Str., Moscow 125993, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>324</fpage><lpage>333</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Zadvornaya O.L., Pishchita A.N., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Задворная О.Л., Пищита А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zadvornaya O.L., Pishchita A.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/548">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/548</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate behavioral risk factors (BRF) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and to determine the ways of improvement of the approaches to preventive consulting targeted to increase medico-economic efficiency of the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A total of 107 patients aged 40–60 years old that attended health-promoting schools for patients with AH at the institutions of primary medical help in Moscow in 2017–2019 were surveyed. The authors used diagnostic criteria of the risk factors for noncommunicable diseases that have behavioral character according to the classification of the World Health Organization (WHO). Along with that, the authors reviewed the opinion of 128 top managers of the institutions of primary medical help that attended the courses of their qualification improvement “Organization of public healthcare” in 2019. The course was dedicated to the possible ways of improvement of preventive consulting of patients with AH and BRF. The methods of content analysis, synthesis, statistical analysis, comparison, etc. were applied. The authors analyzed the documentation on the prevention of CVDs, scientific publications on the subject from eLibrary, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus databases, and official sites of biomedical journals.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The sociological survey revealed data on the presence of BRF of non-communicable diseases in patients aged 40–60 years old with verified AH based on scientifically proven criteria and WHO classification. These criteria allowed to evaluate the degree of the proneness of patients with AH to the influence of harmful risk factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating habits) and their combinations. The sociological survey data obtained from the top management of institutions of primary medical help indicated the necessity of the improvement of approaches to group preventive consulting of patients with AH and BRF.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of the study revealed the main areas of the systemic mistakes in the preventive consulting of patients with AH that have BRF, associated with the evaluation of individual-psychological peculiarities of a personality, and in the organizational aspects of preventive counseling.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить поведенческие факторы риска (ПФР) у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией (АГ) и определить пути совершенствования подходов к проведению профилактического консультирования, направленных на повышение медикоэкономической эффективности профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведен опрос 107 пациентов в возрасте 40–60 лет, обучавшихся в школах здоровья для больных АГ в учреждениях первичной медико-санитарной помощи (ПМСП) г. Москвы в 2017–2019 гг. Использованы научно обоснованные диагностические критерии факторов риска развития неинфекционных заболеваний, имеющих поведенческий характер, согласно классификации Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ). Одновременно изучено мнение 128 руководителей медицинских организаций ПМСП, которые обучались на циклах повышения квалификации по направлению «Организация здравоохранения и общественное здоровье» в 2019 г., о возможных путях совершенствования группового профилактического консультирования пациентов с АГ и ПФР. Применены методы контент-анализа, синтеза, статистического анализа, сравнения и др. Выполнен анализ документов в области профилактики ССЗ, научных публикаций по ключевым запросам, отражающим тему исследования, в базах данных eLibrary, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus и на сайтах биомедицинских журналов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В процессе социологического опроса получены данные по наличию ПФР неинфекционных заболеваний у больных в возрасте 40–60 лет с АГ на основе научно доказанных диагностических критериев и классификации ВОЗ, позволившие оценить степень подверженности пациентов с АГ влиянию вредных факторов риска (потребление табачной, алкогольной продукции, недостаток физической активности, нездоровое питание), а также наличие сочетания действия этих факторов. Обработаны данные социологического опроса руководителей медицинских организаций ПМСП, указывающие на необходимость совершенствования подходов по проведению группового профилактического консультирования у больных с АГ и ПФР.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты исследования позволили выявить основные области системных ошибок в проведении профилактического консультирования пациентов с АГ, имеющих ПФР, связанные с оценкой индивидуально-психологических особенностей личности больного и организационно-управленческими действиями медицинской организации в сфере проведения профилактического консультирования.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Поведенческие факторы риска неинфекционных заболеваний</kwd><kwd>профилактическое консультирование</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases</kwd><kwd>preventive counseling</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Финансирование систем здравоохранения: путь к всеобщему охвату населения медико-санитарной помощью. URL: http://www.who.int/whr/2010/whr10_ru.pdf?ua=1 (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The world health report: health systems financing: the path to universal coverage. Available at: https://innov.afro.who.int/uploads/media-corner/health_systems_financingthe_path_to_universal_coverage_20201202110455.pdf (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andris Piebalgs Commissioner for Development Global Health: a millennium development goal and a right for All Cross Europe Conference “Delivering the Right to Health with the Health MDGs”, European Parliament Brussels, 2 March 2010. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_10_55 (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andris Piebalgs Commissioner for Development Global Health: a millennium development goal and a right for All Cross Europe Conference “Delivering the Right to Health with the Health MDGs”, European Parliament Brussels, 2 March 2010. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_10_55 (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Об актуальных проблемах борьбы с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. URL: http://council.gov.ru/activity/analytics/analytical_bulletins/63110/ (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The actual problems of the fight against cardiovascular diseases. Available at: http://council.gov.ru/activity/analytics/analytical_bulletins/63110/ (in Russ.) (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Организация проведения диспансеризации определенных групп взрослого населения. Методические рекомендации. 4-е изд. М.; 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Organization of medical examination of certain groups of the adult population. Methodological recommendations. 4th ed. Мoscow; 2017 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. URL: https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report_full_en.pdf (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. Available at: https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report_full_en.pdf (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эффективность системы здравоохранения: способы повысить значимость количественной оценки как инструмента для руководителей и разработчиков политики. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/332110 (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Health system efficiency: how to make measurement matter for policy and management. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/326305 (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yusuf S., Hawken S., Ounpuu S., et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004; 364 (9438): 937–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yusuf S., Hawken S., Ounpuu S., et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004; 364 (9438): 937–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The WHO strategy on research for health. 2012. URL: http://www.who.int/phi/WHO_Strategy_on_research_for_health.pdf (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The WHO strategy on research for health. 2012. Available at: http://www.who.int/phi/WHO_Strategy_on_research_for_health.pdf (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 07.05.2018 № 204 «О национальных целях и стратегических задачах развития Российской Федерации на период до 2024 года». URL: https://base.garant.ru/71937200/ (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2018 No. 204 “About the national purposes and strategic problems of development of the Russian Federation until 2024”. Available at: https://base.garant.ru/71937200/ (in Russ.) (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/148114/9789241564854_eng.pdf (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/148114/9789241564854_eng.pdf (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Всемирный атлас профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и борьбы с ними. URL: http://vopab.ru/docs/main-menu/prevention/atlas_voz.pdf (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44701 (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Приказ Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации от 13.03.2019 № 124н «Об утверждении порядка проведения профилактического медицинского осмотра и диспансеризации определенных групп взрослого населения». URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/72130858/ (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 124n dated 13.03.2019 “On approval of the procedure for conducting preventive medical examination and medical examination of certain groups of the adult population”. Available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/72130858/ (in Russ.) (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. URL: https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report_full_en.pdf (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. Available at: https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report_full_en.pdf (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калинина А.М., Бойцов С.А. Эффективное профилактическое консультирование пациентов с хроническими неинфекционными заболеваниями и факторами риска: основные принципы. Часть 1. Профилактическая медицина. 2013; 16 (4): 8–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalinina A.M., Boytsov S.A. Effective prophylactic counseling in patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases and risk factors: Basic principles. Part 1. Profilakticheskaya meditsina. 2013; 16 (4): 8–12 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лопатина М.В., Драпкина О.М. Грамотность в вопросах здоровья выходит на передовые позиции повестки дня в профилактике и контроле неинфекционных заболеваний. Профилактическая медицина. 2018; 21 (3): 31–7. https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed201821331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopatina M.V., Drapkina O.M. Health literacy takes leading positions in the agenda for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. Profilakticheskaya meditsina. 2018; 21 (3): 31–7 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed201821331.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Приказ Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации от 13 октября 2017 г. № 804н «Об утверждении номенклатуры медицинских услуг». URL: https://base.garant.ru/71805302/ (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of October 13, 2017 No. 804n “On approval of the nomenclature of medical services”. Available at: https://base.garant.ru/71805302/ / (in Russ.) (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полянская И.А. Реализация системы профилактических мероприятий, включая индивидуальное профилактическое консультирование, на амбулаторном этапе. Фундаментальные исследования. 2011; 10-2: 351–3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poljanskaja I.A. Realization of system of preventive actions, including individual preventive consultation, at the outpatient stage. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya / Fundamental Research. 2011; 10-2: 351–3 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борцов В.А., Куликовская И.В. Совершенствование организации школы здоровья для пациентов. Медицина и образование в Сибири. 2015; 2: 44–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bortsov V.A., Kulikovskaya I.V. Improvement of organization of health care schools for patients. Medicine and Education in Siberia. 2015; 2: 44–6 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поляков Б.А., Аюпов Р.Р., Мушников Д.Л. Медико организационные аспекты совершенствования профилактической работы врачей – терапевтов участковых в части оздоровления образа жизни пациентов. Журнал научных статей «Здоровье и образование в XXI веке». 2015; 17 (4): 217–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyakov B.A., Ayupov R.R., Mushnikov D.L. Medical and organizational aspects of improvement of preventive work of doctors – therapists of divisionals in terms of wellness lifestyle patients. The Journal of Scientific Articles “Health and Education Millennium”. 2015; 17 (4): 217–9 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рахматов А.А. Научные основы здорового образа жизни. Образование и воспитание. 2016; 2: 5–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakhmatov А.А. Scientific foundations of a healthy lifestyle. Obrazovanie i vospitanie / Education and Upbringing. 2016; 2: 5–7 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conroy R.M., Pyörälä K., Fitzgerald A.P., et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003; 24 (11): 987–1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00114-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conroy R.M., Pyörälä K., Fitzgerald A.P., et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003; 24 (11): 987–1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00114-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rothman A.J., Klein W.M., Weinstein N.D. Absolute and relative biases in estimations of personal risk. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1996; 26 (14): 1213–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01778.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rothman A.J., Klein W.M., Weinstein N.D. Absolute and relative biases in estimations of personal risk. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1996; 26 (14): 1213–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01778.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutton S.R. How accurate are smokers’ perceptions of risk? Health Risk Soc.1999; 1 (2): 223–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698579908407020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutton S.R. How accurate are smokers’ perceptions of risk? Health Risk Soc. 1999; 1 (2): 223–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698579908407020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Guidelines for implementation of the WHO FCTC. URL: https://www.who.int/fctc/treaty_instruments/adopted/guidel_2011/en/ (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization .Guidelines for implementation of the WHO FCTC. Available at: https://www.who.int/fctc/treaty_instruments/adopted/guidel_2011/en/ (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mukamal K.J., Chen C.M., Rao S.R., Breslow R.A. Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular mortality among U.S. adults, 1987–2002. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 55 (13): 1328–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.056.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukamal K.J., Chen C.M., Rao S.R., Breslow R.A. Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular mortality among U.S. adults, 1987–2002. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 55 (13): 1328–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.056.26. European action plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol 2012–2020. Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/178163/E96726.pdf (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Европейский план действий по сокращению вредного употребления алкоголя, 2012–2020 г. URL: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/187154/e96726R.pdf (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Physical activity strategy for the WHO European Region 2016–2025. Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/311360/Physical-activity-strategy-2016-2025.pdf (accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стратегия в области физической активности для Европейского региона ВОЗ на 2016–2025 гг. URL: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/312762/Physical-activity-strategy-2016-2025-ru.pdf (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smart N.A., Way D., Carlson D., et al. Effects of isometric resistance training on resting blood pressure individual participant data meta analysis. J Hypertens. 2019; 37 (10): 1927–38. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000002105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smart N.A., Way D., Carlson D., et al. Effects of isometric resistance training on resting blood pressure individual participant data meta analysis. J Hypertens. 2019; 37 (10): 1927–38. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000002105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strazzullo P., D’Elia L., Kandala N., et al. Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of prospective studies. Br Med J. 2009; 339: b4567. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b4567.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strazzullo P., D’Elia L., Kandala N., et al. Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of prospective studies. Br Med J. 2009; 339: b4567. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b4567.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44203/9789241563871_eng.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y(accessed 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глобальные риски для здоровья: смертность и бремя болезней, обусловленные некоторыми основными факторами риска. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44203/9789244563878_rus.pdf?sequence=8&amp;isAllowed=y (дата обращения 02.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubel E.V., Unguryanu T.N. Estimation of health risk factors perception by medical workers. Human Ecology. 2015; 2: 33–40 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дубель Е.В., Унгуряну Т.Н. Оценка восприятия медицинскими работниками факторов риска здоровью. Экология человека. 2015; 2: 33–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zadvornaya O.L., Borisov K.N., Ershov A.A. The modified risk factors of health heads of the medical organizations. MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research). 2017; 8 (2): 322–9 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2017.8.2.322-329.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Задворная О.Л, Борисов К.Н., Ершов А.А. Модифицируемые факторы риска здоровья руководителей медицинских организаций. МИР (Модернизация. Инновации. Развитие). 2017; 8 (2): 322–9. https://doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2017.8.2.322-329.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zimbardo P.G., Lieppe М.R. The psychology of attitude change and social influence. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зимбардо Ф., Ляйппе М. Социальное влияние. СПб.: Питер; 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Regan P.C., Snyder M., Kassin S.M. Unrealistic optimism, self enhancement or person positivity. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1995; 21 (10): 1073–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672952110008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Regan P.C., Snyder M., Kassin S.M. Unrealistic optimism, self enhancement or person positivity. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1995; 21 (10): 1073–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672952110008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinstein N.D., Lachendro E. Egocentrism as a source of unrealistic optimism. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1982; 8 (2): 195–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167282082002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinstein N.D., Lachendro E. Egocentrism as a source of unrealistic optimism. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1982; 8 (2): 195–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167282082002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harris D.M., Guten S. Health-protective behavior: an exploratory study. J Health Soc Behav. 1979; 20 (1): 17–29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harris D.M., Guten S. Health-protective behavior: an exploratory study. J Health Soc Behav. 1979; 20 (1): 17–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinstein N.D., Klein W.M. Resistance of personal risk perceptions to debasing interventions. J Health Psychol. 1995; 14 (2): 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.14.2.132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinstein N.D., Klein W.M. Resistance of personal risk perceptions to debasing interventions. J Health Psychol. 1995; 14 (2): 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.14.2.132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslow А.H. Motivation and personality. 3rd ed. New York: Longman; 1987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслоу А.Г. Мотивация и личность. СПб.: Евразия; 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Маслоу А.Г. Мотивация и личность. СПб.: Евразия; 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
