farmaecFARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and PharmacoepidemiologyФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология2070-49092070-4933IRBIS LLC10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2021.096farmaec-531Research ArticleREVIEW ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИSystematic computer analysis of published literature on nutritional support for vaccinationСистематический компьютерный анализ литературы по нутрициальной поддержке вакцинацииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5070-5450ЧучалинА. Г.ChuchalinA. G.

Чучалин Александр Григорьевич – д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, пульмонолог, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии педиатрического факультета

ул. 1-я Леонова, д. 16, Москва 129226, Россия

Aleksandr G. Chuchalin – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Academician of RAS, Pulmonologist, Head of Chair of Hospital Therapy, Faculty of Pediatrics

16 Pervaya Leonov Str., Moscow 129226, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2659-7998ТоршинИ. Ю.TorshinI. Yu.

Торшин Иван Юрьевич – к.ф-м.н., к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник Института фармакоинформатики.  Scopus Author ID: 7003300274; WoS ResearcherID: C-7683-2018; РИНЦ SPIN-код: 1375-1114

ул. Вавилова, д. 4, Москва 2119333, РоссияЛенинские Горы, д. 1, Москва 119991, Россия

Ivan Yu. Torshin – PhD (Phys. Math.), PhD (Chem.), Senior Researcher. Scopus Author ID: 7003300274; WoS ResearcherID: C-7683-2018; RSCI SPIN-code: 1375-1114

4 Vavilov Str., Moscow 2119333, Russia1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-710XГромоваО. А.GromovaO. A.

Громова Ольга Алексеевна – д.м.н., профессор, научный руководитель Института фармакоинформатики; ведущий научный сотрудник. Scopus Author ID: 7003589812; WoS ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; РИНЦ SPIN-код: 6317-9833

ул. Вавилова, д. 4, Москва 2119333, РоссияЛенинские Горы, д. 1, Москва 119991, Россия

Olga A. Gromova – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Research Supervisor; Leading Researcher, Big Data Storage and Analysis Center.  Scopus Author ID: 7003589812; WoS ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; RSCI SPIN-code: 6317-9833

4 Vavilov Str., Moscow 2119333, Russia1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia

unesco.gromova@gmail.comФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationИнститут фармакоинформатики Федерального исследовательского центра «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук; Центр хранения и анализа больших данных Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»РоссияInstitute of Pharmacoinformatics, Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management”, Russian Academy of Sciences; Big Data Storage and Analysis Center, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation202127072021142249–262Copyright © Chuchalin A.G., Torshin I.Y., Gromova O.A., 20212021Чучалин А.Г., Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А.Chuchalin A.G., Torshin I.Y., Gromova O.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/531

A range of 6700 publications from the PubMed database on the association of micronutrient supply and results of antibacterial and antiviral vaccination was reviewed by the method of topologic and metric analysis. This method allows for a selection of features (i.e. key words) by their informativity, the establishment of the most informative that provide the basis for “synthetic” features and algorithms, or the classification of the reviewed text by the relevance to the subject of the study. The results of fundamental studies showed that folates, vitamins A, D, and B12 are the regulators of mitosis of T and B-lymphocytes that exert the functions of the acquired immunity. Such microelements as zinc, iron, selenium, manganese, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid support the functioning of T and B-lymphocytes (energy metabolism, intracellular signal transmission, and transcription). Clinical studies showed that the support of vaccination with the specified micronutrients not only increases the titre of the respective antibodies to viral and bacterial pathogens but can also prevent unfavorable effects from vaccination. The administration of micronutrients before and after vaccination will contribute to a decrease in the mortality rate and severity of the pathology development (in case of disease). A systematic analysis allowed the authors to determine the perspectives of the proposed measures for an increase in the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, including COVID-19. Additional micronutrient supply contributes to an increase in the effectiveness and safety of vaccination. The application of specialized vitamin and mineral complexes during vaccination is economically feasible and reduces the vaccination risks for patients with polyhypoavitaminoses.

Методом тополого-метрического анализа данных изучен массив текстов 6700 публикаций из PubMed по взаимосвязи обеспеченности микронутриентами и результатов вакцинации против бактерий и вирусов. Данный метод дает возможность осуществить селекцию признаков (т.е. ключевых слов) по информативности, выделить наиболее информативные, на основании которых порождаются «синтетические» признаки и строятся алгоритмы, позволяющие проводить классификацию текстов по релевантности к заданной теме исследования. По результатам фундаментальных работ, фолаты, витамины А, D и В12 являются регуляторами клеточного деления Т- и В-лимфоцитов, осуществляющих функционирование системы приобретенного иммунитета. Микроэлементы цинк, железо, селен, марганец и омега-3-полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты поддерживают функционирование (энергообмен, внутриклеточную передачу сигналов, транскрипцию) Т- и В-лимфоцитов. Клинические исследования показали, что сопровождение вакцинации приемом указанных микронутриентов не только повышает титры соответствующих антител к вирусным и бактериальным патогенам, но и может профилактировать нежелательные эффекты вакцинации. Прием микронутриентов в период до и после вакцинации будет способствовать снижению смертности и тяжести течения патологии (в случае заболевания). Систематический анализ позволил очертить перспективы предлагаемых мер для повышения эффективности и безопасности процедур вакцинации, в т.ч. против COVID-19. Дотации микронутриентов способствуют повышению эффективности и безопасности вакцинации. Применение специализированных витаминно-минеральных комплексов во время вакцинации экономически выгодно и позволяет снижать риски при вакцинации пациентов с полигиповитаминозами.

Фармакоаналитикавитаминымикроэлементыэффективность и безопасность вакцинацииPharmacoanalyticsvitaminsmicroelementseffectiveness and safety of vaccinationReferencesSingh A.K., Khunti K. Assessment of risk, severity, mortality, glycemic control and antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: a narrative review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020; 165: 108266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108266.Singh A.K., Khunti K. Assessment of risk, severity, mortality, glycemic control and antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: a narrative review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020; 165: 108266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108266.Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А. 25 мгновений молекулярной фармакологии. О развитии клинико-фармакологического мышления. РСЦ Института микроэлементов ЮНЕСКО. Иваново: А-Греф; 2012.Torshin I.Yu., Gromova О.А. 25 moments of molecular pharmacology. On the development of clinical and pharmacological thinking. Russian Center of the UNESCO Institute of Trace Elements. Ivanovo: A-Gref; 2012 (in Russ.).Лиманова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Сардарян И.С. и др. Обеспеченность микронутриентами и женское здоровье: интеллектуальный анализ клинико-эпидемиологических данных. Вопросы гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии. 2014; 13 (2): 5–15.Limanova O.A., Torshin I.Yu., Sardaryan I.S., et al. Micronutrient provision and women’s health: intellectual analysis of clinicoepidemiological data. Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology. 2014; 13 (2): 5–15 (in Russ.).Торшин И.Ю., Лиманова О.А., Громова О.А. и др. Метрический анализ данных по взаимосвязям между показателями микронутриентной обеспеченности и состоянием здоровья женщин 18–45 лет. Медицинский алфавит. 2018; 2 (21): 6–19.Torshin I.Yu., Limanova O.A., Gromova O.A., et al. Metric analysis of data on relationship between indicators of micronutrient provision and state of health of women aged 18–45 years. Medical Alphabet. 2018; 2 (21): 6–19 (in Russ.).Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А., Лиманова О.A. и др. Роль обеспеченности микронутриентами в поддержании здоровья детей и подростков: анализ крупномасштабной выборки пациентов посредством интеллектуального анализа данных. Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г.Н. Сперанского. 2015; 94 (6): 68–78.Torshin I.Y., Gromova O.A., Limanova O.A., et al. Role of micronutrients sufficiency in health maintaining of children and adolescents: analysis of a large-scale sample of patients through data mining. Journal “Pediatria” named after G.N. Speransky. 2015; 94 (6): 68–78 (in Russ.).Surman S.L., Penkert R.R., Jones B.G., et al. Vitamin supplementation at the time of immunization with a cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine corrects poor mucosal antibody responses in mice deficient for vitamins A and D. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2016; 23 (3): 219–27. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00739-15.Surman S.L., Penkert R.R., Jones B.G., et al. Vitamin supplementation at the time of immunization with a cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine corrects poor mucosal antibody responses in mice deficient for vitamins A and D. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2016; 23 (3): 219–27. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00739-15.Penkert R.R., Rowe H.M., Surman S.L., et al. Influences of vitamin A on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. Front Immunol. 2019; 10: 1576. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01576.Penkert R.R., Rowe H.M., Surman S.L., et al. Influences of vitamin A on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. Front Immunol. 2019; 10: 1576. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01576.Raahati Z., Bakhshi B., Najar-Peerayeh S. Selenium nanoparticles induce potent protective immune responses against vibrio cholerae WC vaccine in a mouse model. J Immunol Res. 2020; 2020: 8874288. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874288.Raahati Z., Bakhshi B., Najar-Peerayeh S. Selenium nanoparticles induce potent protective immune responses against vibrio cholerae WC vaccine in a mouse model. J Immunol Res. 2020; 2020: 8874288. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874288.Behzadi M., Vakili B., Ebrahiminezhad A., Nezafat N. Iron nanoparticles as novel vaccine adjuvants. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2021; 159: 105718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105718.Behzadi M., Vakili B., Ebrahiminezhad A., Nezafat N. Iron nanoparticles as novel vaccine adjuvants. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2021; 159: 105718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105718.Patel S., Akalkotkar A., Bivona J.J. 3rd, et al. Vitamin A or E and a catechin synergize as vaccine adjuvant to enhance immune responses in mice by induction of early interleukin-15 but not interleukin-1β responses. Immunology. 2016; 148 (4): 352–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12614.Patel S., Akalkotkar A., Bivona J.J. 3rd, et al. Vitamin A or E and a catechin synergize as vaccine adjuvant to enhance immune responses in mice by induction of early interleukin-15 but not interleukin-1β responses. Immunology. 2016; 148 (4): 352–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12614.Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А. Микронутриенты против коронавирусов. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2020.Torshin I.Yu., Gromova О.А. Micronutrients against coronaviruses. Мoscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2020 (in Russ.).Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А., Чучалин А.Г., Журавлев Ю.И. Хемореактомный скрининг воздействия фармакологических препаратов на SARS-CoV-2 и виром человека как информационная основа для принятия решений по фармакотерапии COVID-19. ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология. 2021; 14 (2): 191–211. https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2021.078.Torshin I.Yu., Gromova О.А., Chuchalin А.G., Zhuravlev Yu.I. Chemoreactome screening of pharmaceutical effects on SARSCoV-2 and human virome to help decide on drug-based COVID-19 therapy. FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Sovremennaya farmakoekonomika i farmakoepidemiologiya / FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology. 2021; 14 (2): 191–211 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2021.078.Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю. Микронутриенты и репродуктивное здоровье. Руководство. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2019.Gromova О.А., Torshin I.Yu. Micronutrients and reproductive health. Guide. Мoscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2019 (in Russ.).Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю. Магний и «болезни цивилизации». М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2018.Gromova О.А., Torshin I.Yu. Magnesium and “diseases of civilization”. Мoscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2018 (in Russ.).Torshin I.Yu., Rudakov K.V. On the theoretical basis of the metric analysis of poorly formalized problems of recognition and classification. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis. 2015; 25 (4): 577–87. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054661815040252.Torshin I.Yu., Rudakov K.V. On the theoretical basis of the metric analysis of poorly formalized problems of recognition and classification. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis. 2015; 25 (4): 577–87. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054661815040252.Torshin I.Yu., Rudakov K.V. On the procedures of generation of numerical features over partitions of sets of objects in the problem of predicting numerical target variables. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis. 2019; 29 (4): 654–67. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054661819040175.Torshin I.Yu., Rudakov K.V. On the procedures of generation of numerical features over partitions of sets of objects in the problem of predicting numerical target variables. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis. 2019; 29 (4): 654–67. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054661819040175.Torshin I.Yu., Rudakov K.V. Topological data analysis in materials science: the case of high-temperature cuprate superconductors. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis. 2020; 30 (2): 262–74. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054661820020157.Torshin I.Yu., Rudakov K.V. Topological data analysis in materials science: the case of high-temperature cuprate superconductors. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis. 2020; 30 (2): 262–74. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054661820020157.Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А., Стаховская Л.В. и др. Анализ 19,9 млн публикаций базы данных PubMed/MEDLINE методами искусственного интеллекта: подходы к обобщению накопленных данных и феномен “fake news”. ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология. 2020; 13 (2): 146–63. https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2020.021.Torshin I.Yu., Gromova O.A., Stakhovskaya L.V., et al. Analysis of 19.9 million publications from the PubMed/MEDLINE database using artificial intelligence methods: approaches to the generalizations of accumulated data and the phenomenon of “fake news”. FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Sovremennaya farmakoekonomika i farmakoepidemiologiya / FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology. 2020; 13 (2): 146–63 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2020.021.Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Тетруашвили Н.К. и др. Витамин А в акушерстве: фундаментальные и клинические исследования. Медицинский алфавит. 2019; 1 (1): 59–69. https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-1-1(376)-59-69.Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Yu., Tetruashvili N.K., et al. Vitamin A in obstetrics: basic and clinical research. Medical Alphabet. 2019; 1 (1): 59–69 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-1-1(376)-59-69.Penkert R.R., Cortez V., Karlsson E.A., et al. Vitamin A corrects tissue deficits in diet-induced obese mice and reduces influenza infection after vaccination and challenge. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020; 28 (9): 1631–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22929.Penkert R.R., Cortez V., Karlsson E.A., et al. Vitamin A Corrects Tissue Deficits in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Reduces Influenza Infection After Vaccination and Challenge. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020; 28 (9): 1631–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22929.Surman S.L., Jones B.G., Sealy R.E., et al. Oral retinyl palmitate or retinoic acid corrects mucosal IgA responses toward an intranasal influenza virus vaccine in vitamin A deficient mice. Vaccine. 2014; 32 (22): 2521–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.025.Surman S.L., Jones B.G., Sealy R.E., et al. Oral retinyl palmitate or retinoic acid corrects mucosal IgA responses toward an intranasal influenza virus vaccine in vitamin A deficient mice. Vaccine. 2014; 32 (22): 2521–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.025.Ahmad S.M., Alam M.J., Khanam A., et al. Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy enhances pandemic H1N1 vaccine response in mothers, but enhancement of transplacental antibody transfer may depend on when mothers are vaccinated during pregnancy. J Nutr. 2018; 148 (12): 1968–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy228.Ahmad S.M., Alam M.J., Khanam A., et al. Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy enhances pandemic H1N1 vaccine response in mothers, but enhancement of transplacental antibody transfer may depend on when mothers are vaccinated during pregnancy. J Nutr. 2018; 148 (12): 1968–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy228.McGill J.L., Kelly S.M., Guerra-Maupome M., et al. Vitamin A deficiency impairs the immune response to intranasal vaccination and RSV infection in neonatal calves. Sci Rep. 2019; 9 (1): 15157. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51684-x.McGill J.L., Kelly S.M., Guerra-Maupome M., et al. Vitamin A deficiency impairs the immune response to intranasal vaccination and RSV infection in neonatal calves. Sci Rep. 2019; 9 (1): 15157. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51684-x.Jee J., Hoet A.E., Azevedo M.P., et al. Effects of dietary vitamin A content on antibody responses of feedlot calves inoculated intramuscularly with an inactivated bovine coronavirus vaccine. Am J Vet Res. 2013; 74 (10): 1353–62. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.74.10.1353.Jee J., Hoet A.E., Azevedo M.P., et al. Effects of dietary vitamin A content on antibody responses of feedlot calves inoculated intramuscularly with an inactivated bovine coronavirus vaccine. Am J Vet Res. 2013; 74 (10): 1353–62. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.74.10.1353.Kaufman D.R., De Calisto J., Simmons N.L., et al. Vitamin A deficiency impairs vaccine-elicited gastrointestinal immunity. J Immunol. 2011; 187 (4): 1877–83. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1101248.Kaufman D.R., De Calisto J., Simmons N.L., et al. Vitamin A deficiency impairs vaccine-elicited gastrointestinal immunity. J Immunol. 2011; 187 (4): 1877–83. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1101248.Kandasamy S., Chattha K.S., Vlasova A.N., Saif L.J. Prenatal vitamin A deficiency impairs adaptive immune responses to pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq®) in a neonatal gnotobiotic pig model. Vaccine. 2014; 32 (7): 816–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.039.Kandasamy S., Chattha K.S., Vlasova A.N., Saif L.J. Prenatal vitamin A deficiency impairs adaptive immune responses to pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq®) in a neonatal gnotobiotic pig model. Vaccine. 2014; 32 (7): 816–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.039.Chattha K.S., Kandasamy S., Vlasova A.N., Saif L.J. Vitamin A deficiency impairs adaptive B and T cell responses to a prototype monovalent attenuated human rotavirus vaccine and virulent human rotavirus challenge in a gnotobiotic piglet model. PLoS One. 2013; 8 (12): e82966. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082966.Chattha K.S., Kandasamy S., Vlasova A.N., Saif L.J. Vitamin A deficiency impairs adaptive B and T cell responses to a prototype monovalent attenuated human rotavirus vaccine and virulent human rotavirus challenge in a gnotobiotic piglet model. PLoS One. 2013; 8 (12): e82966. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082966.Ma A.Q., Wang Z.X., Sun Z.Q., et al. Interventional effect of vitamin A supplementation on re-vaccination to hepatitis B virus among rural infants and young children in China. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2011; 45 (3): 259–62.Ma A.Q., Wang Z.X., Sun Z.Q., et al. Interventional effect of vitamin A supplementation on re-vaccination to hepatitis B virus among rural infants and young children in China. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2011; 45 (3): 259–62.Penkert R.R., Iverson A., Rosch J.W., Hurwitz J.L. Prevnar-13 vaccine failure in a mouse model for vitamin A deficiency. Vaccine. 2017; 35 (46): 6264–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.069.Penkert R.R., Iverson A., Rosch J.W., Hurwitz J.L. Prevnar-13 vaccine failure in a mouse model for vitamin A deficiency. Vaccine. 2017; 35 (46): 6264–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.069.Zheng Y., Li X.G., Wang Q.Z., et al. Enhancement of vitamin A combined vitamin D supplementation on immune response to Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine revaccinated in Chinese infants. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014; 7 (2): 130–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60008-0.Zheng Y., Li X.G., Wang Q.Z., et al. Enhancement of vitamin A combined vitamin D supplementation on immune response to Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine revaccinated in Chinese infants. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014; 7 (2): 130–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60008-0.Newton S., Owusu-Agyei S., Filteau S., et al. Vitamin A supplements are well tolerated with the pentavalent vaccine. Vaccine. 2008; 26 (51): 6608–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.037.Newton S., Owusu-Agyei S., Filteau S., et al. Vitamin A supplements are well tolerated with the pentavalent vaccine. Vaccine. 2008; 26 (51): 6608–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.037.Sudfeld C.R., Navar A.M., Halsey N.A. Effectiveness of measles vaccination and vitamin A treatment. Int J Epidemiol. 2010; 39 (Suppl. 1): i48–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq021.Sudfeld C.R., Navar A.M., Halsey N.A. Effectiveness of measles vaccination and vitamin A treatment. Int J Epidemiol. 2010; 39 (Suppl. 1): i48–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq021.Bahl R., Bhandari N., Kant S., et al. Effect of vitamin A administered at Expanded Program on Immunization contacts on antibody response to oral polio vaccine. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002; 56 (4): 321–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601325.Bahl R., Bhandari N., Kant S., et al. Effect of vitamin A administered at Expanded Program on Immunization contacts on antibody response to oral polio vaccine. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002; 56 (4): 321–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601325.Rahman M.M., Mahalanabis D., Hossain S., et al. Simultaneous vitamin A administration at routine immunization contact enhances antibody response to diphtheria vaccine in infants younger than six months. J Nutr. 1999; 129 (12): 2192–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/129.12.2192.Rahman M.M., Mahalanabis D., Hossain S., et al. Simultaneous vitamin A administration at routine immunization contact enhances antibody response to diphtheria vaccine in infants younger than six months. J Nutr. 1999; 129 (12): 2192–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/129.12.2192.Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю. Витамин D. Смена парадигмы. 2-е изд. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2021.Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Yu. Vitamin D. Paradigm shift. 2nd ed. Мoscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2021 (in Russ.).Kashi D.S., Oliver S.J., Wentz L.M., et al. Vitamin D and the hepatitis B vaccine response: a prospective cohort study and a randomized, placebo-controlled oral vitamin D(3) and simulated sunlight supplementation trial in healthy adults. Eur J Nutr. 2021; 60 (1): 475–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02261-w.Kashi D.S., Oliver S.J., Wentz L.M., et al. Vitamin D and the hepatitis B vaccine response: a prospective cohort study and a randomized, placebo-controlled oral vitamin D(3) and simulated sunlight supplementation trial in healthy adults. Eur J Nutr. 2021; 60 (1): 475–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02261-w.Patel N., Penkert R.R., Jones B.G., et al. Baseline serum vitamin A and D levels determine benefit of oral vitamin A&D supplements to humoral immune responses following pediatric influenza vaccination. Viruses. 2019; 11 (10): 907. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11100907.Patel N., Penkert R.R., Jones B.G., et al. Baseline serum vitamin A and D levels determine benefit of oral vitamin A&D supplements to humoral immune responses following pediatric influenza vaccination. Viruses. 2019; 11 (10): 907. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11100907.Lee M.D., Lin C.H., Lei W.T., et al. Does vitamin D deficiency affect the immunogenic responses to influenza vaccination? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2018; 10 (4): 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040409.Lee M.D., Lin C.H., Lei W.T., et al. Does vitamin D deficiency affect the immunogenic responses to influenza vaccination? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2018; 10 (4): 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040409.Mohta A., Kushwaha R.K., Gautam U., et al. A comparative study of the efficacy and safety of intralesional measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine versus intralesional vitamin D3 for the treatment of warts in children. Pediatr Dermatol. 2020; 37 (5): 853–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14280.Mohta A., Kushwaha R.K., Gautam U., et al. A comparative study of the efficacy and safety of intralesional measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine versus intralesional vitamin D3 for the treatment of warts in children. Pediatr Dermatol. 2020; 37 (5): 853–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14280.Zhao X., Pang X., Wang F., et al. Maternal folic acid supplementation and antibody persistence 5 years after hepatitis B vaccination among infants. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018; 14 (10): 2478–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1482168.Zhao X., Pang X., Wang F., et al. Maternal folic acid supplementation and antibody persistence 5 years after hepatitis B vaccination among infants. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018; 14 (10): 2478–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1482168.Siddiqua T.J., Ahmad S.M., Ahsan K.B., et al. Vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy and postpartum improves B12 status of both mothers and infants but vaccine response in mothers only: a randomized clinical trial in Bangladesh. Eur J Nutr. 2016; 55 (1): 281–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0845-x.Siddiqua T.J., Ahmad S.M., Ahsan K.B., et al. Vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy and postpartum improves B12 status of both mothers and infants but vaccine response in mothers only: a randomized clinical trial in Bangladesh. Eur J Nutr. 2016; 55 (1): 281–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0845-x.Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю. Цинк как необходимый элемент профилактики врожденных пороков развития плода. Медицинский алфавит. 2016; 1 (7): 19–25.Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Yu. Zinc as essential element of prevention of congenital fetal malformations. Medical Alphabet. 2016; 1 (7): 19–25 (in Russ.).Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Моисеев В.С. и др. Об использовании цинка и витамина с для профилактики и адъювантной терапии острых респираторных заболеваний. Терапия. 2017; 1: 36–46.Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Yu., Moiseev V.S., et al. The use of zinc and vitamin с for the prevention and adjuvant therapy of acute respiratory diseases. Therapy. 2017; 1: 36–46 (in Russ.).Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Калачева А.Г. и др. Использование различных способов приема биоусвояемых органических солей цинка с эстрактом молозива у часто и длительно болеющих детей. Педиатрическая фармакология. 2009; 6 (1): 37–42.Gromova O., Shilyaev R., Torshin I., et al. Various ways of the organic zinc salts administration with a colostrum in frequently and protractedly sick children. Pediatric Pharmacology. 2009; 6 (1): 37–42 (in Russ.).Zhao N., Wang X., Zhang Y., et al. Gestational zinc deficiency impairs humoral and cellular immune responses to hepatitis B vaccination in offspring mice. PLoS One. 2013; 8 (9): e73461. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073461.Zhao N., Wang X., Zhang Y., et al. Gestational zinc deficiency impairs humoral and cellular immune responses to hepatitis B vaccination in offspring mice. PLoS One. 2013; 8 (9): e73461. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073461.Shi L., Zhang L., Li C., et al. Dietary zinc deficiency impairs humoral and cellular immune responses to BCG and ESAT-6/CFP-10 vaccination in offspring and adult rats. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2016; 97: 86–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2016.01.002.Shi L., Zhang L., Li C., et al. Dietary zinc deficiency impairs humoral and cellular immune responses to BCG and ESAT-6/CFP-10 vaccination in offspring and adult rats. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2016; 97: 86–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2016.01.002.Ozgenc F., Aksu G., Kirkpinar F., et al. The influence of marginal zinc deficient diet on post-vaccination immune response against hepatitis B in rats. Hepatol Res. 2006; 35 (1): 26–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hepres.2006.01.012.Ozgenc F., Aksu G., Kirkpinar F., et al. The influence of marginal zinc deficient diet on post-vaccination immune response against hepatitis B in rats. Hepatol Res. 2006; 35 (1): 26–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hepres.2006.01.012.Das R., Jobayer Chisti M., Ahshanul Haque M., et al. Evaluating association of vaccine response to low serum zinc and vitamin D levels in children of a birth cohort study in Dhaka. Vaccine. 2021; 39 (1): 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.048.Das R., Jobayer Chisti M., Ahshanul Haque M., et al. Evaluating association of vaccine response to low serum zinc and vitamin D levels in children of a birth cohort study in Dhaka. Vaccine. 2021; 39 (1): 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.048.Lazarus R.P., John J., Shanmugasundaram E., et al. The effect of probiotics and zinc supplementation on the immune response to oral rotavirus vaccine: a randomized, factorial design, placebo-controlled study among Indian infants. Vaccine. 2018; 36 (2): 273–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.116.Lazarus R.P., John J., Shanmugasundaram E., et al. The effect of probiotics and zinc supplementation on the immune response to oral rotavirus vaccine: a randomized, factorial design, placebo-controlled study among Indian infants. Vaccine. 2018; 36 (2): 273–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.116.Громова О.А., Гоголева И.В. Селен – впечатляющие итоги и перспективы применения. Трудный пациент. 2007; 5 (14): 25–30.Gromova О.А., Gogoleva I.V. Selenium – impressive results and application prospects. Difficult Patient. 2007; 5 (14): 25–30 (in Russ.).Shojadoost B., Taha-Abdelaziz K., Alkie T.N., et al. Supplemental dietary selenium enhances immune responses conferred by a vaccine against low pathogenicity avian influenza virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2020; 227: 110089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110089.Shojadoost B., Taha-Abdelaziz K., Alkie T.N., et al. Supplemental dietary selenium enhances immune responses conferred by a vaccine against low pathogenicity avian influenza virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2020; 227: 110089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110089.Ivory K., Prieto E., Spinks C., et al. Selenium supplementation has beneficial and detrimental effects on immunity to influenza vaccine in older adults. Clin Nutr. 2017; 36 (2): 407–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.12.003.Ivory K., Prieto E., Spinks C., et al. Selenium supplementation has beneficial and detrimental effects on immunity to influenza vaccine in older adults. Clin Nutr. 2017; 36 (2): 407–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.12.003.Janbakhsh A., Mansouri F., Vaziri S., et al. Effect of selenium on immune response against hepatitis B vaccine with accelerated method in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. Caspian J Intern Med. 2013; 4 (1): 603–6.Janbakhsh A., Mansouri F., Vaziri S., et al. Effect of selenium on immune response against hepatitis B vaccine with accelerated method in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. Caspian J Intern Med. 2013; 4 (1): 603–6.Yathapu S.R., Kondapalli N.B., Srivalliputturu S.B., et al. Effect of lead exposure and nutritional iron-deficiency on immune response: a vaccine challenge study in rats. J Immunotoxicol. 2020; 17 (1): 144–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/1547691X.2020.1773973.Yathapu S.R., Kondapalli N.B., Srivalliputturu S.B., et al. Effect of lead exposure and nutritional iron-deficiency on immune response: a vaccine challenge study in rats. J Immunotoxicol. 2020; 17 (1): 144–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/1547691X.2020.1773973.Stoffel N.U., Uyoga M.A., Mutuku F.M., et al. Iron deficiency anemia at time of vaccination predicts decreased vaccine response and iron supplementation at time of vaccination increases humoral vaccine response: a birth cohort study and a randomized trial follow-up study in Kenyan infants. Front Immunol. 2020; 11: 1313. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01313.Stoffel N.U., Uyoga M.A., Mutuku F.M., et al. Iron deficiency anemia at time of vaccination predicts decreased vaccine response and iron supplementation at time of vaccination increases humoral vaccine response: a birth cohort study and a randomized trial follow-up study in Kenyan infants. Front Immunol. 2020; 11: 1313. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01313.Burin A.M. Jr., Fernandes N.L., Snak A., et al. Arginine and manganese supplementation on the immune competence of broilers immune stimulated with vaccine against Salmonella Enteritidis. Poult Sci. 2019; 98 (5): 2160–8. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey570.Burin A.M. Jr., Fernandes N.L., Snak A., et al. Arginine and manganese supplementation on the immune competence of broilers immune stimulated with vaccine against Salmonella Enteritidis. Poult Sci. 2019; 98 (5): 2160–8. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey570.Furuhjelm C., Jenmalm M.C., Fälth-Magnusson K., Duchén K. Th1 and Th2 chemokines, vaccine-induced immunity, and allergic disease in infants after maternal ω-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. Pediatr Res. 2011; 69 (3): 259–64. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3182072229.Furuhjelm C., Jenmalm M.C., Fälth-Magnusson K., Duchén K. Th1 and Th2 chemokines, vaccine-induced immunity, and allergic disease in infants after maternal ω-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. Pediatr Res. 2011; 69 (3): 259–64. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3182072229.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.