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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2021.054</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-528</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Impact of disease information (Ebola and COVID-19) on the pharmaceutical sector in Russia and USA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние информации о заболеваниях (лихорадка Эбола и COVID-19) на фармацевтический сектор России и США</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3381-6116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федорова Елена Анатольевна – д.э.н., профессор департамента корпоративных финансов и корпоративного управления. Author ID: 55584791316</p><p>Ленинградский пр-т, д. 49, Москва 125993, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Fedorova – Dr. Econ. Sc., Professor, Department of the Corporate Governance and Finance. Scopus Author ID: 56585981200</p><p>49 Leningradskiy Prospect, Moscow 125993, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ecolena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1692-5166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasyev</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афанасьев Дмитрий Олегович – архитектор информационных систем</p><p>1-й Нагатинский пр-д, д. 10, стр. 1, Москва 115533, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry O. Afanasyev – Information Systems Architect</p><p>10 bld. 1 Pervyy Nagatinskiy proezd, Moscow 115533, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколов Александр Вадимович – студент</p><p>ул. Мясницкая, д. 20, Москва 101000, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Sokolov – Student</p><p>20 Myasnitskaya Str., Moscow 101000, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-8284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарев</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazarev</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лазарев Михаил Петрович – к.ф.-м.н., доцент департамента финансового и инвестиционного менеджмента</p><p>Ленинградский пр-т, д. 49, Москва 125993, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail P. Lazarev – PhD (Phys. Math.), Assistant Professor, Department of Financial and Investment Management</p><p>49 Leningradskiy Prospect, Moscow 125993, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное образовательное бюджетное учреждение высшего образования «Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Акционерное общество «Гринатом»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">JSC Greenatom<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University “Higher School of Economics”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>213–224</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Fedorova E.A., Afanasyev D.O., Sokolov A.V., Lazarev M.P., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федорова Е.А., Афанасьев Д.О., Соколов А.В., Лазарев М.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorova E.A., Afanasyev D.O., Sokolov A.V., Lazarev M.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/528">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/528</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: identification of the relationship between the news coverage of global diseases and the dynamics of the return on shares of the pharmaceutical sector for Russia and the United States.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The empirical base of the study includes more than 700 thousand tweets on Ebola and COVID-19 in Russian and English, news of the RBC news agency. The sentiment of the text was assessed on the basis of five English and four Russian-language dictionaries, the influence of fundamental and textual variables on the profitability of pharmaceutical companies' shares was carried out using the ARMAX-GARCH econometric model.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It has been proven that the dynamics of the stock index of pharmaceutical companies is explained by fundamental (economic) and sentimental factors. News of any epidemics negatively affects the pharmaceutical sector in the US and Russia, that is, there are no industries that benefit from this situation. Pandemic news affects US pharmaceutical companies more than Russian companies. The effect of news influence depends on the level of spread of the disease. News influences not only at the moment of their publication, but also after: there is a "delayed effect". Ebola news affects the American pharmaceutical market for 2 weeks, and the dynamics of the increase in influence can be traced. News on the COVID pandemic amplifies its impact during 1 week for the Russian pharmaceutical market and for 2 weeks for the US pharmaceutical companies. As for news sources, the elastic network has identified more significant variables based on publications from RBC; therefore, Internet publications generate more publicity, shaping a more significant overall sentiment in the markets.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The models developed in the framework of the study and the economic conclusions obtained have not only theoretical, but also practical significance, and can also be used for further research in this area. It is possible to give recommendations on the practical use of dictionaries to assess the sentiment of the text. In our study, the elastic network method chose the Loughran–McDonald dictionary for evaluating economic texts in English and the EcSentiThemeLex dictionary (designed in R and Python programming environments). Avenues for further investigation may include analysis of other sources of information about the pandemic.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: выявление зависимостей между новостным освещением всемирных заболеваний и динамикой доходности акций фармацевтического сектора для России и США.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Эмпирическая база исследования включает более 700 тыс. твитов по лихорадке Эбола и по COVID-19 на русском и английском языках, новости информационного агентства РБК. Оценка тональности текста проводилась на основе пяти англоязычных и четырех русскоязычных словарей, влияние фундаментальных и текстовых переменных на доходность акций фармацевтических компаний оценивалось с помощью эконометрической модели ARMAX–GARCH.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Было доказано, что динамика фондового индекса фармацевтических компаний объясняется фундаментальными (экономическими) и сентиментальными факторами. Новости о любых эпидемиях негативно влияют на фармацевтический сектор США и России, то есть не существует тех отраслей, которые выигрывают от данной ситуации. Новости о пандемиях больше влияют на фармацевтические компании США, чем на компании России. Эффект влияния новостей зависит от уровня распространения болезни. Новости оказывают воздействие не только в момент их опубликования, но и после: наблюдается «отложенный эффект». Новости по Эболе влияют в течение 2 нед на американский рынок фармацевтических компаний, причем прослеживается динамика возрастания влияния. Новости по пандемии COVID-19 усиливают свое влияние в течение 1 нед для российского рынка фармацевтических компаний и в течение 2 нед для фармацевтических компаний США. Что касается источников новостей, то эластичная сеть выделила больше значимых переменных, основанных на публикациях из РБК, следовательно, интернет-публикации создают большую огласку, формируя более значимую общую тональность настроений на рынках.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработанные в рамках исследования модели и полученные экономические выводы имеют не только теоретическую, но и практическую значимость, а также могут быть использованы для дальнейших исследований в данной области. Можно дать рекомендации по практическому применению словарей для оценки тональности текста. В нашем исследовании метод эластичных сетей выбрал словарь Loughran–McDonald для оценки экономических текстов на английском языке и словарь EcSentiThemeLex (оформленные в средах программирования R и Python). Пути дальнейшего исследования могут включать в себя анализ других источников информации о пандемии.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>Эбола</kwd><kwd>текстовый анализ</kwd><kwd>мешок слов</kwd><kwd>модели</kwd><kwd>фармацевтические компании</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>Ebola</kwd><kwd>text analysis</kwd><kwd>bag of words</kwd><kwd>models</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanna D., Huang Y. The impact of SARS on Asian economies. 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