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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2021.089</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-502</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacoeconomics of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фармакоэпидемиология и фармакоэкономика туберкулеза с множественной и широкой лекарственной устойчивостью возбудителя</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1071-2680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николенко</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolenko</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николенко Николай Юрьевич – научный сотрудник научно-клинического отдела. РИНЦ SPIN-код: 5011-4166</p><p>ул. Стромынка, д. 10, Москва 107014, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay Yu. Nikolenko – Researcher, Scientific and Clinical Department. RSCI SPIN-code: 5011-4166</p><p>10 Stromynka Str., Moscow 107014, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nynikolenko@me.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудлай</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudlay</surname><given-names>D. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудлай Дмитрий Анатольевич – д.м.н., профессор кафедры фармакологии Института фармации им. А.П. Нелюбина;  ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины и молекулярной иммунологии № 71. Scopus Author ID: 57201653374; РИНЦ SPIN-код: 4129-7880</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8/2, Москва 119991, РоссияКаширское ш., д. 24, Москва 115522, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Kudlay – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Chair of Pharmacology, Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology No. 71.  Scopus Author ID: 57201653374; RSCI SPIN-code: 4129-7880</p><p>8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119991, Russia24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8890-8958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Докторова</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doktorova</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Докторова Наталья Петровна – к.м.н., научный сотрудник отдела дифференциальной диагностики и лечения туберкулеза и сочетанных инфекций.  Scopus Author ID: 21733662400; РИНЦ SPIN-код: 5791-6542</p><p>ул. Достоевского, д. 4, корп. 2, Москва 127473, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia P. Doktorova – PhD (Med.), Researcher, Department of Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis and Combined Infections. Scopus Author ID: 21733662400; RSCI SPIN-code: 5791-6542</p><p>4 corp. 2 Dostoyevskiy Str., Moscow 127473, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Московский научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Tuberculosis Control<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Sechenov University; State Research Center “Institute of Immunology”; Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный исследовательский медицинский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research Medical Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>235–248</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Nikolenko N.Y., Kudlay D.А., Doktorova N.P., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Николенко Н.Ю., Кудлай Д.А., Докторова Н.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikolenko N.Y., Kudlay D.А., Doktorova N.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/502">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/502</self-uri><abstract><p>Treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) is a current problem worldwide. Currently, special attention is paid to the possibility of using new high-cost chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of MDR/XDR-TB. Numerous studies have shown that, from a clinical point of view, the effectiveness of MDR/XDR-TB therapy increases with the inclusion of bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin), and pretomanid. At the same time, there is an assumption that the use of new and repurposed anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs) may be associated with an increase in overall costs. This paper demonstrates the potential of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacoeconomics to evaluate the widespread introduction of new anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs), taking into account all the typical features of MDR/XDR-TB therapy. The authors analyzed studies of pharmacoeconomic feasibility of using expensive drugs in treatment regimens of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with MDR/XDR pathogen. It was shown that the use of chemotherapy regimens containing new high-cost and highly effective drugs (moxifloxacin, linizolid, and bedaquiline) in rational combinations with other drugs of the basic and reserve series, selected concerning drug resistance of the pathogen, is associated with a significant economic effect. From the applicability of pharmacoeconomic analysis point of view, the introduction of short-term MDR-TB treatment regimens is also a promising direction in phthisiology. The key link to achieve effective MDR/XDR-TB treatment is the use of new drugs. Considering the specificity of pharmacoeconomic analysis in phthisiology and results of existing clinical and economic studies, the authors have formed recommendations aimed at a more complete realization of pharmacoeconomic analysis potential in MDR- and XDR-TB treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Лечение туберкулеза (ТБ) с множественной (МЛУ) и широкой лекарственной устойчивостью (ШЛУ) возбудителя является актуальной проблемой во всем мире. В настоящее время особое внимание уделяется возможности применения в терапии МЛУ/ШЛУ ТБ новых высокозатратных схем химиотерапии. В многочисленных исследованиях показано, что с клинической точки зрения эффективность терапии МЛУ/ШЛУ ТБ при включении в схему бедаквилина, деламанида, линезолида, фторхинолонов (моксифлоксацина, левофлоксацина), претоманида возрастает. При этом существует предположение, что применение новых и перепрофилированных противотуберкулезных препаратов (ПТП) может быть сопряжено с увеличением общих затрат. В работе показаны возможности фармакоэпидемиологии и фармакоэкономики для оценки широкого внедрения новых ПТП с учетом всех характерных особенностей терапии МЛУ/ШЛУ ТБ. Проведен анализ исследований фармакоэкономической целесообразности применения дорогостоящих препаратов в схемах лечения больных туберкулезом легких с МЛУ/ШЛУ возбудителя. Показано, что применение схем химиотерапии, содержащих новые высокозатратные и высокоэффективные препараты (моксифлоксацин, линизолид и бедаквилин) в рациональных комбинациях с другими препаратами основного и резервного рядов, подобранных с учетом лекарственной устойчивости возбудителя, сопряжено с выраженным экономическим эффектом. С точки зрения применимости фармакоэкономического анализа перспективным направлением во фтизиатрии является и внедрение краткосрочных схем лечения МЛУ ТБ. Ключевым звеном для достижения эффективного результата лечения МЛУ/ШЛУ ТБ выделено применение новых ПТП. Учитывая специфику фармакоэкономического анализа во фтизиатрии и результаты существующих клинико-экономических исследований, сформированы рекомендации, направленные на более полную реализацию потенциала фармакоэкономического анализа применительно к лечению МЛУ/ШЛУ ТБ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Фармакоэкономика</kwd><kwd>фармакоэпидемиология</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>множественная лекарственная устойчивость возбудителя</kwd><kwd>широкая лекарственная устойчивость возбудителя</kwd><kwd>противотуберкулезные препараты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Pharmacoeconomics</kwd><kwd>pharmacoepidemiology</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>multidrug resistance</kwd><kwd>extensive drug-resistanсe</kwd><kwd>anti-tuberculosis drugs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global tuberculosis report 2020. 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