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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2021.083</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-486</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Differences in the standardization of medicinal products based on extracts of chondroitin sulfate</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>О различиях в стандартизации лекарственных препаратов на основе экстрактов хондроитина сульфата</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-710X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Громова Ольга Алексеевна – д.м.н., профессор, научный руководитель Института фармакоинформатики ФИЦ «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра хранения и анализа больших данных ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова». Scopus Author ID: 7003589812; ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; РИНЦ SPIN-код: 6317-9833</p><p>ул. Вавилова, д. 4, Москва 2119333Ленинские Горы, д. 1, Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Gromova – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Research Supervisor, Institute of Pharmacoinformatics, Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management”, Russian Academy of Sciences; Leading Researcher, Big Data Storage and Analysis Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University. Scopus Author ID: 7003589812; ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; RSCI SPIN-code: 6317-9833</p><p>4 Vavilov Str., Moscow 21193331 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2659-7998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торшин</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torshin</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Торшин Иван Юрьевич – к.ф-м.н., к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник Института фармакоинформатики ФИЦ «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук; Центр хранения и анализа больших данных ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова». Scopus Author ID: 7003300274; ResearcherID: C-7683-2018; РИНЦ SPIN-код: 1375-1114</p><p>ул. Вавилова, д. 4, Москва 2119333Ленинские Горы, д. 1, Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan Yu. Torshin – PhD (Phys. Math.), PhD (Chem.), Senior Researcher, Institute of Pharmacoinformatics, Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management”, Russian Academy of Sciences; Big Data Storage and Analysis Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University. Scopus Author ID: 7003300274; ResearcherID: C-7683-2018; RSCI SPIN-code: 1375-1114</p><p>4 Vavilov Str., Moscow 21193331 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tiu135@ccas.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4934-8801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайчик</surname><given-names>Б. Ц.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaychik</surname><given-names>B. Ts.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайчик Борис Цалерьевич – к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник. ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; РИНЦ SPIN-код: 3757-3395</p><p>Ленинский пр-т, д. 33, Москва 119071</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris Ts. Zaychik – PhD (Tech.), Senior Researcher. ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; RSCI SPIN-code: 3757-3395</p><p>33 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119071</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6589-7654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ших</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikh</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ших Евгения Валерьевна – д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней. Scopus Author ID: 6506179061; ResearcherID: B-7786-2018; РИНЦ SPIN-код: 2397-8414</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8/2, Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya V. Shikh – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Chief of Chair of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases. Scopus Author ID: 6506179061; ResearcherID: B-7786-2018; RSCI SPIN-code: 2397-8414</p><p>8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-4566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ружицкий</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruzhitskiy</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ружицкий Александр Олегович – научный сотрудник. Scopus Author ID: 7003589812; ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; РИНЦ SPIN-код: 3757-3395</p><p>Ленинский пр-т, д. 33, Москва 119071</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr O. Ruzhitskiy – Researcher. Scopus Author ID: 7003589812; ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; RSCI SPIN-code: 3757-3395</p><p>33 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119071</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-632X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галустян</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galustyan</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галустян Анна Николаевна – к.м.н., заведующая кафедрой фармакологии с курсом клинической фармакологии и фармакоэкономики. РИНЦ SPIN-код: 3303-7650</p><p>ул. Литовская, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург 194100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna N. Galustyan – MD, PhD, Chief of Chair of Pharmacology with a Course in Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics. RSCI SPIN-code: 3303-7650</p><p>2 Litovskaya Str., Saint Petersburg 194100</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-411X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сардарян</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sardaryan</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сардарян Иван Суренович – к.м.н., доцент кафедры фармакологии с курсом клинической фармакологии и фармакоэкономики. Scopus Author ID: 572006721; РИНЦ SPIN-код: 9522-9761</p><p>ул. Литовская, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург 194100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan S. Sardaryan – MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Pharmacology with a Course in Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics. Scopus Author ID: 572006721; RSCI SPIN-code: 9522-9761</p><p>2 Litovskaya Str., Saint Petersburg 194100</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сарвилина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarvilina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сарвилина Ирина Владиславовна – д.м.н., профессор, главный врач. РИНЦ SPIN-код: 7308-6756</p><p>ул. Социалистическая, д. 74, Ростов-на-Дону 344002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Sarvilina –Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Chief Physician. RSCI SPIN-code: 7308-6756</p><p>74 Sotsialisticheskaya Str., Rostov-on-Don 344002</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт фармакоинформатики Федерального исследовательского центра «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук; Центр хранения и анализа больших данных Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Pharmacoinformatics, Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management”, Russian Academy of Sciences; Big Data Storage and Analysis Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимии им. А.Н. Баха, Федеральный исследовательский центр биотехнологии Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center for Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Sechenov University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Медицинский центр «Новомедицина»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Medical Center "Novomeditsina"<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Y., Zaychik B.T., Shikh E.V., Ruzhitskiy A.O., Galustyan A.N., Sardaryan I.S., Sarvilina I.V., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Зайчик Б.Ц., Ших Е.В., Ружицкий А.О., Галустян А.Н., Сардарян И.С., Сарвилина И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Y., Zaychik B.T., Shikh E.V., Ruzhitskiy A.O., Galustyan A.N., Sardaryan I.S., Sarvilina I.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/486">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/486</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: a comparative analysis of 6 different chondroprotectors for injection, containing chondroitin sulfate (CS) based on natural extracts.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Five samples were studied for each CS extract. The preparations were compared on the basis of profiles of trace element composition, sulfur content, chromatographic analysis and test for total protein. In each sample, the concentration of 72 elements was determined, then averaging was performed and the variances of the content of each element were calculated. To assess the content of the protein fraction, a modified Lowry method with bicincholic acid was used. Chromatographic profiles of the studied CS extracts were measured to estimate the molecular weight distribution.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The studied samples differ significantly from each other in the total and individual content of sulfur, toxic and conditionally toxic microelements. According to the analysis of sulfur and trace elements, a cluster of more standardized CS extracts was identified. It was shown that the assessments of the pharmaceutical quality of the studied extracts made by the elemental profile, correspond to the assessments of the quality by the degree of proteins elimination and by the molecular weight characteristics of CS extracts. In particular, the highest total content of toxic elements was found for CS-6 (14.87±1.81 μg/l) and CS-2 (9.20±1.12 μg/l), and the lowest – for CS-4 (1.46±0.23 μg/l), CS-3 (1.92±0.33 μg/l) and CS-1 (2.98±0.25 μg/l). The highest content of protein impurities was also found in CS-6 (9.62 mg/ml) and CS-2 (6.64 mg/ml), and the lowest – in CS-1 (2.87 mg/ml). At the same time, the highest amount of sulfur was found CS-1 (6400 mg/kg) and much less – for CS-2 (370 mg/kg) and CS-6 (100 mg/kg). Significant amounts of the high-molecular fraction of CS (1–40 kDa) were found only in CS-1, and only trace amounts of high-molecular CS forms were present in CS-2 and CS-6.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The highest content of cholesterol and sulfur and, at the same time, the lowest content of toxic microelements and proteins were distinguished by the extract obtained from the trachea of a bovine.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: сравнительный анализ 6 различных хондропротекторов для инъекционного введения, содержащих хондроитина сульфат (ХС).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Для каждого экстракта ХС изучено по 5 образцов. Сравнение препаратов проведено на основании профилей микроэлементного состава, содержания серы, хроматографического анализа и теста на общий белок. В каждом образце определяли концентрацию 72 элементов, затем проводили усреднение и рассчитывали дисперсии содержания каждого из элементов. Для оценки содержания белковой фракции применяли модифицированный метод Лоури с бицинхолиновой кислотой. Хроматографические профили исследованных экстрактов ХС измеряли для оценки распределения молекулярной массы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исследованные образцы существенно отличаются друг от друга по суммарному и индивидуальному содержанию серы, токсичных и условно-токсичных микроэлементов. По оценкам анализа на серу и микроэлементы выделен кластер более стандартизированных экстрактов ХС. Показано, что оценки фармацевтического качества исследованных экстрактов, выполненные по элементному профилю, соответствуют оценкам качества по степени очистки от белков и молекулярно-весовым характеристикам экстрактов. В частности, наибольшее суммарное содержание токсичных элементов было найдено для экстрактов ХС-6 (14,87±1,81 мкг/л) и ХС-2 (9,20±1,12 мкг/л), а наименьшие – для ХС-4 (1,46±0,23 мкг/л), ХС-3 (1,92±0,33 мкг/л) и ХС-1 (2,98±0,25 мкг/л). Наибольшее содержание белковых примесей также найдено в экстрактах ХС-6 (9,62 мг/мл) и ХС-2 (6,64 мг/мл), а наименьшее – в ХС-1 (2,87 мг/мл). В то же время наибольшее количество серы выявлено для экстракта ХС-1 (6400 мг/кг) и гораздо меньшее – для ХС-2 (370 мг/кг) и ХС-6 (100 мг/кг). Значительные количества высокомолекулярной фракции ХС (1–40 кДа) были установлены только в экстракте ХС-1, а в экстрактах ХС-2 и ХС-6 присутствовали лишь следовые количества высокомолекулярных форм ХС.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Наибольшим содержанием ХС и серы (и в то же время наименьшим содержанием токсичных микроэлементов и белков) отличался экстракт, полученный из трахеи быка.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Фармацевтическая стандартизация</kwd><kwd>хондропротекторы</kwd><kwd>хроматография</kwd><kwd>элементный анализ</kwd><kwd>хондроитина сульфат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Pharmaceutical standardization</kwd><kwd>chondroprotectors</kwd><kwd>chromatography</kwd><kwd>elemental analysis</kwd><kwd>chondroitin sulfate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тогузов Р.Т., Назаренко О.А., Волков А.Ю. и др. Элементный состав как одна из основ гепатопротекторного действия экстракта прогепар. Практическая медицина. 2011; 1: 176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toguzov R.Т., Nazarenko О.А., Volkov А.Yu. et al. 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