<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909.2018.11.2.068-075</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-253</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Foreign Experience</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Зарубежный опыт</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Current practice of organizing and financing the departmental healthcare system for the military in developed countries: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обзор существующей практики организации и финансирования оказания медицинской помощи военнослужащим и сотрудникам военных ведомств развитых стран</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безденежных</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezdenezhnykh</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Безденежных Татьяна Павловна – ведущий специалист отдела методологического обеспечения проведения комплексной оценки технологий в здравоохранении. </p><p>Хохловский переулок, вл. 10, стр. 5, Москва 109028.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bezdenezhnykh Tatiana Pavlovna – Leading Specialist.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукъянцева</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukyantseva</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукъянцева Дарья Валерьевна – к. м.н., старший научный сотрудник Центра финансов здравоохранения ; главный специалист отдела медицинского обеспечения стандартизации.</p><p>Хохловский переулок, вл. 10, стр. 5, Москва 109028; Настасьинский пер., д. 3 стр. 2, Москва 127006.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Leading Research Fellow at the Center of Healthcare Financing, Financial Research Institute, Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Chief Specialist, Center for Healthcare Quality Assessment and Control.</p><p>10-5 Khokhlovskii pereulok , Moscow 109028; 3-2 Nastasyinsky pereulok, Moscow 127006.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Центр экспертизы и контроля качества медицинской помощи» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Center for Healthcare Quality Assessment and Control of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Центр экспертизы и контроля качества медицинской помощи» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский финансовый институт» Министерства финансов Российской Федерации .<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Center for Healthcare Quality Assessment and Control of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;  Research Financial Institution of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Federal State Budget Institution.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Bezdenezhnykh T.P., Lukyantseva D.V., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Безденежных Т.П., Лукъянцева Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bezdenezhnykh T.P., Lukyantseva D.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/253">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/253</self-uri><abstract><p>Departmental medicine as a Russian-specific healthcare system is currently subject to broad discussions on whether its further support and financing is worthwhile. The Defense Ministry of the Russian Federation has one of the most developed healthcare systems in Russia and thus provides medical care to the military personnel and the veterans. This report aims to review the current practice of organizing and financing the medical assistance for the military in seven developed countries (USA, Uk, Canada, Germany, France, Finland and Singapore) in order to use their experience for the optimization of the Russian military departmental healthcare. This review covers the general principles of healthcare in these countries as well as the specific mechanisms of health care provision for the military.  The Departments of Defense in the reviewed counties have special agencies that provide medical services to the military personnel. The primary role of such agencies is to promote, protect and restore the health of servicemen and servicewomen and to ensure they are ready and fit to perform their missions.  As shown in the present review, the specific details of the medical assistance to the military differ between the countries and largely depend on the overall structure of the national healthcare system.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведомственная медицина является организационной особенностью системы здравоохранения Российской Федерации (РФ) и вызывает много дискуссий о необходимости ее существования и финансирования. Министерство обороны РФ обладает одной из наиболее развитых сетей медицинских учреждений и служб, осуществляющих медицинское обслуживание военнослужащих и сотрудников ведомства. Для оптимизации организации и финансирования ведомственной системы здравоохранения Министерства обороны РФ были проанализированы механизмы организации оказания медицинской помощи рабочим и служащим военных ведомств развитых стран, таких как США, Великобритания, Канада, Германия, Франция, Финляндия и Сингапур. По каждой стране представлена общая характеристика системы здравоохранения и описаны механизмы организации доступа контингента военных ведомств к медицинской помощи. Во всех странах, вошедших в обзор, существует отдельная служба здравоохранения для военнослужащих, главной целью которой является обеспечение и поддержание наилучшей боевой готовности военнослужащих. Механизмы организации доступа к медицинским услугам в рамках оборонных ведомств различаются между странами и во многом зависят от способа организации и финансирования системы здравоохранения в целом. В США и Канаде существует специализированные органы, отвечающие за организацию и оказание медицинской помощи ветеранам.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ведомственная медицина</kwd><kwd>министерство обороны</kwd><kwd>военнослужащие</kwd><kwd>финансирование медицинской помощи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Departmental medicine</kwd><kwd>Ministry of Defense</kwd><kwd>servicemen</kwd><kwd>servicewomen</kwd><kwd>health care financing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мирошниченко Ю. В., Тихонов А. В., Голубенко Р. А. Нормирование потребления лекарственных средств как фактор совершенствования лекарственной помощи в войсковом звене медицинской службы Вооруженных сил Российской Федерации. ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология. 2012; 5 (4): 31-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miroshnichenko Yu.V., Tihonov A.V., Golubenko R. A. FARMAkOekOnOMikA. Sovremennaya farmakoekonomika i farmakoepidemiologiya / FARMAkOekOnOMikA. Modern pharmacoecono-mics and pharmacoepidemiology (in Russian). 2012; 5 (4): 31-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мирошниченко Ю. В., Гайнов В. С. Медико-экономическое обоснование норматива обеспечения лекарственными средствами обучающихся в военных училищах. ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология. 2012; 5 (2): 24-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miroshnichenko Yu.V., Gaynov V. S. FARMAkOekOnOMikA. Sovremennaya farmakoekonomika i farmakoepidemiologiya / FARMAkOekOnOMikA. Modern pharmacoeconomics and pharmacoepidemiology (in Russian). 2012; 5 (2): 24-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Омельяновский В. В., Максимова Л. В., Татаринов А. П. Ключевые параметры систем здравоохранения. ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология. 2014;7 (2): 51-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Omel’yanovskiy V.V., Maksimova L.V., Tatarinov A.P. FARMAkOekOnOMikA. Sovremennaya farmakoekonomika i farmakoepidemiologiya / FARMAkOekOnOMikA. Modern pharmacoeconomics and pharmacoepidemiology (in Russian). 2014; 7 (2): 51-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дайхес А. Н., Федяев Д. В. Обзор российских и зарубежных подходов к формированию государственных гарантий бесплатной медицинской помощи. ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология. 2017;10 (3): 59-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dayhes A. N., Fedyaev D. V. FARMAkOekOnOMikA. Sovremennaya farmakoekonomika i farmakoepidemiologiya / FARMAkOekOnOMikA. Modern pharmacoeconomics and pharmacoepidemiology (in Russian). 2017; 10 (3): 59-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Health expenditure and financing. OECDStat. [электронный ресурс] URL: http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SHA. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Health expenditure and financing. OECDStat. [electronic resource] URL: http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SHA. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Center for Medicare and Medicaid services: National Health Expenditure Data. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/ NationalHealthExpendData. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Center for Medicare and Medicaid services: National Health Expenditure Data. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData. Accessed: 27.03.2018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Center for Medicare and Medicaid services: National Health Expenditure 2016 Highlights. [электронный ресурс] URL: https:// www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/StatisticsTrends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/highlights.pdf. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Center for Medicare and Medicaid services: National Health Expenditure 2016 Highlights. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.cms.gov/ResearchStatistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/highlights.pdf. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilensky G. R. et al. Future of Military Health Care Final Report. – Defense Health Agency/Defense Health Board Falls Church United States, 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilensky G. R. et al. Future of Military Health Care Final Report. – Defense Health Agency/Defense Health Board Falls Church United States, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">TRICARE Select Costs. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.tricare.mil/Costs/HealthPlanCosts/TS. Дата обращения 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">TRICARE Select Costs. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.tricare.mil/Costs/HealthPlanCosts/TS. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veterans Health Administration: Health. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.va.gov/health/. Дата обращения 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veterans Health Administration: Health. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.va.gov/health/. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veterans Health Administration: Veterans Eligibility. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.va.gov/HEALTHBENEFITS/apply/veterans.asp. Дата обращения 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veterans Health Administration: Veterans Eligibility. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.va.gov/HEALTHBENEFITS/apply/veterans.asp. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">George Stoye. UK health spending – IFS. The Institute for Fiscal Studies. 2017. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/publications/bns/BN201.pdf. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">George Stoye. UK health spending – IFS. The Institute for Fiscal Studies. 2017. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/publications/bns/BN201.pdf. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis K. et al. Mirror, mirror on the wall, 2014 update: how the US health care system compares internationally. The Commonwealth Fund. 2014; 16: 1-31. [электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2014/jun/mirrormirror. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis K. et al. Mirror, mirror on the wall, 2014 update: how the US health care system compares internationally. The Commonwealth Fund. 2014; 16: 1-31. [electronic resource] URL: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2014/jun/mirror-mirror. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NHS: Armed Forces Healthcare: How it works. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/Militaryhealthcare/serving/Pages/about-armed-forces-healthcare.aspx. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NHS: Armed Forces Healthcare: How it works. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/Militaryhealthcare/serving/Pages/about-armed-forces-healthcare.aspx. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colonel Katherine Richardson. Defense Health Board: THE UK MILITARY HEALTH SYSTEM: A SYSTEM BUILT ON COLLABORATION. [электронный ресурс] URL https://health.mil/Reference-Center/Presentations?query=&amp;page=16#pagingAnchor. Дата обращения: 13.04.2018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colonel Katherine Richardson. Defense Health Board: THE UK MILITARY HEALTH SYSTEM: A SYSTEM BUILT ON COLLABORATION. [electronic resource] URL https://health.mil/Reference-Center/Presentations?query=&amp;page=16#pagingAnchor. Accessed: 13.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davies C. The military hospitals that have closed// Telegraph. co.uk. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1530398/The-military-hospitals-that-have-closed.html. Дата обращения: 23.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davies, C. The military hospitals that have closed// Telegraph. co.uk. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1530398/The-military-hospitals-that-have-closed.html.  Accessed: 23.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Medical Care for the Armed Forces. Seventh Report of Session 2007-08 House of Commons Defence Committee. 2008. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/Militaryhealthcare/Documents/Defence%20Committee.pdf. Дата обращения: 23.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medical Care for the Armed Forces. Seventh Report of Session 2007-08 House of Commons Defence Committee. 2008. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/Militaryhealthcare/Documents/Defence%20Committee.pdf. Accessed: 23.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NHS: Armed Forces Healthcare: Hospital care. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.nhs.uk/nhsengland/militaryhealthcare/serving/pages/hospitalcare.aspx. Дата обращения: 23.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NHS: Armed Forces Healthcare: Hospital care. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.nhs.uk/nhsengland/militaryhealthcare/serving/pages/hospitalcare.aspx. Accessed:  23.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Government of Canada: Canada’s Health Care system [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/canada-health-care-system.html. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Government of Canada: Canada’s Health Care system. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/canada-health-care-system.html. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Canadian Institute for Health Information: Who is paying for these health services? [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.cihi.ca/en/who-is-paying-for-these-health-services-2017. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Canadian Institute for Health Information: Who is paying for these health services? [electronic resource] URL: https://www.cihi.ca/en/who-is-paying-for-these-health-services-2017. Accessed:  27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces: Spectrum of Care: Medical and Dental Benefits and Services. [электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/caf-community-health-servicesbenefits-drug-coverage/index.page. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces: Spectrum of Care: Medical and Dental Benefits and Services. [electronic resource] URL: http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/caf-community-health-servicesbenefits-drug-coverage/index.page. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces: Medical Coverage, Eligibility, Management and Access to Health Care. [электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/caf-communityhealth-services-benefits-drug-coverage/coverage-eligibilitymanagement-access.page. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces: Medical Coverage, Eligibility, Management and Access to Health Care. [electronic resource] URL: http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/caf-communityhealth-services-benefits-drug-coverage/coverage-eligibilitymanagement-access.page. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces: Canadian Armed Forces Mental Health Services. [электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/caf-community-health-services-mental/index.page. Дата обращения 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces: Canadian Armed Forces Mental Health Services. [electronic resource] URL:</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veterans Affairs Canada. [электронный ресурс] URL: http:// www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/services/health/treatment-benefits/poc. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/caf-community-health-services-mental/index.page. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veteran Affairs Canada: How much more is being spent on Veterans’ services? [электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/news/info-graphics/4.7-billion. Дата обращения: 13.04.2018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veterans Affairs Canada. [electronic resource] URL: http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/services/health/treatment-benefits/poc. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barmer: Gesundheitsinformationen. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.barmer.de/gesundheit. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veteran Affairs Canada: How much more is being spent on Veterans’ services? [electronic resource] URL: http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/news/info-graphics/4.7-billion. Accessed: 13.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grunow M., Nuscheler R. Public and private health insurance in Germany: The ignored risk selection problem. Health Economics. 2014; 23 (6): 670-687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barmer: Gesundheitsinformationen. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.barmer.de/gesundheit. Accessed:  27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanitätsdienst Bundeswehr: Startseite. [электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.sanitaetsdienst-bundeswehr.de/portal/a/sanitaetsdienst/start. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grunow M., Nuscheler R. Public and private health insurance in Germany: The ignored risk selection problem. Health Economics. 2014; 23 (6): 670-687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanitätsdienst Bundeswehr: Institut. [электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.sanitaetsdienst-bundeswehr.de/portal/a/sanitaetsdienst/start/ueberuns/institut/!ut/p/z1/. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanitätsdienst Bundeswehr: Startseite. [electronic resource] URL: http://www.sanitaetsdienst-bundeswehr.de/portal/a/sanitaetsdienst/start. Accessed: 27.03.2018. 2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L’ameli: La protection universelle maladie. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.ameli.fr/assure/droits-demarches/principes/protection-universelle-maladie. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanitätsdienst Bundeswehr: Institut. [electronic resource] URL: http://www.sanitaetsdienst-bundeswehr.de/portal/a/sanitaetsdienst/start/ueberuns/institut/!ut/p/z1/. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chevreul K. et al. France: health system review 2015. Health Systems in Transition. 2015; 17 (3): 1-218. [электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/297938/France-HiT.pdf. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L’ameli: La protection universelle maladie. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.ameli.fr/assure/droits-demarches/principes/protectionuniverselle-maladie. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caisse Nationale Militaire de Sécurité Sociale. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.cnmss.fr. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chevreul K. et al. France: health system review 2015. Health Systems in Transition. 2015; 17 (3): 1-218. [electronic resource] URL: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/297938/France-HiT.pdf. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puolustusvoimat: Sotilaslääketieteen keskus. [электронный ресурс] URL: http://puolustusvoimat.fi/tietoa-meista/sotilaslaaketieteenkeskus. Дата обращения: 13.04.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caisse Nationale Militaire de Sécurité Sociale. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.cnmss.fr. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Commonwealth Fund: The French Health Care System. [электронный ресурс] URL: http://international.commonwealthfund.org/countries/france/. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puolustusvoimat: Sotilaslääketieteen keskus. [electronic resource] URL: http://puolustusvoimat.fi/tietoa-meista/sotilaslaaketieteen-keskus. Accessed: 13.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chevreul K. et al. France: health system review 2015. Health Systems in Transition. 2015; 17 (3): 1-218. [электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/297938/France-HiT.pdf. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Commonwealth Fund: The French Health Care System. [electronic resource] URL: http://international.commonwealthfund.org/countries/france/. Accessed:  27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Interiale Mutuelle. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.interiale.fr/. Дата обращения: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chevreul K. et al. France: health system review 2015. Health Systems in Transition. 2015;. 3: 1-218. [electronic resource] URL: http:// www.euro.who.int/_data/assets/pdf_file/0011/297938/France-HiT.pdf. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lehtinen S., Rantanen J. National Profile of Occupational Health System in Finland Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. National Profile Series. 2012; 70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Interiale Mutuelle. [electronic resource] URL: https://www.interiale.fr/. Accessed: 27.03.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puolustusvoimat: Sotilaslääketieteenkeskus. [электронный ресурс] URL: http://puolustusvoimat.fi/tietoa-meista/sotilaslaaketieteenkeskus. Дата обращения: 13.04.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lehtinen S., Rantanen J. National Profile of Occupational Health System in Finland Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. national Profile Series. 2012; 70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. The world health report 2000: health systems: improving performance. World Health Organization. 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puolustusvoimat: Sotilaslääketieteenkeskus. [electronic resource] URL: http://puolustusvoimat.fi/tietoa-meista/sotilaslaaketieteen-keskus. Accessed: 13.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bloomberg report: Where Do You Get the Most for Your Health Care Dollar? [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/infographics/most-efficient-health-care-around-the-world.html. Дата обращения: 13.04.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. The world health report 2000: health systems: improving performance. World Health Organization. 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MINDEF Singapore: Military Medicine Institute. [электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.mindef.gov.sg/oms/imindef/mindef_websites/atozlistings/safmc/organisation/mmi.html. Дата обращения: 13.04.2018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bloomberg report: Where Do You Get the Most for Your Health Care Dollar? [electronic resource] URL: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/infographics/most-efficient-health-care-around-the-world.html. Accessed: 13.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MINDEF Singapore: Military Medicine Institute. [electronic  resource] URL: https://www.mindef.gov.sg/oms/imindef/mindef_websites/atozlistings/safmc/organisation/mmi.html. Accessed: 13.04.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MINDEF Singapore: Military Medicine Institute. [electronic  resource] URL: https://www.mindef.gov.sg/oms/imindef/mindef_websites/atozlistings/safmc/organisation/mmi.html. Accessed: 13.04.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
