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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909.2016.9.4.009-013</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-163</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>THE COSTS OF REGIONAL ANESTHESIA WITH THE USE OF LEVOBUPIVACAINE, RACEMIC BUPIVACAINE AND ROPIVACAINE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Затраты на регионарную анестезию  с применением левобупивакаина,  рацемического бупивакаина  и ропивакаина</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ульрих</surname><given-names>Г. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulrikh</surname><given-names>G. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м.н., профессор кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и неотложной педиатрии Санкт-Петербургского государственного педиатрического медицинского университета. Адрес: ул. Литовская, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 194100. Тел.: +7(812)5917911</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, professor of anesthesiology, critical care medicine and emergency pediatrics at St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. Address: ul. Litovskaya, 2, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194100. Tel.: +7(812)5917911</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostrovgl@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудакова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudakova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. фарм. н., профессор кафедры управления и экономики фармации Санкт-Петербургской химико-фармацевтической академии; старший научный сотрудник отдела организации медицинской помощи НИИ детских инфекций ФМБА. Адрес: ул. Проф. Попова, д. 14, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 197376. Тел.: +7(812)4993900</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Department of Management and Economics Professor of Pharmacy St. Petersburg Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy. Senior Researcher of Research Institute of medical care childhood infections FMBA. Address: ul. professora Popova, 14, St. Petersburg, Russia, 197376. Tel.: +7(812)4993900</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rudakova_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВПО «Санкт-Петербургская государственная химико-фармацевтическая академия» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ulrikh G.E., Rudakova A.V., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ульрих Г.Э., Рудакова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ulrikh G.E., Rudakova A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/163">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/163</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background and Objective</title><p>Background and Objective. Currently in clinical practice are widely used local anesthetics, including racemic bupivacaine, levo isomer of its levobupivacaine and structurally similar to bupivacaine levo isomer ropivacaine. The aim of this work was to assess the cost of anesthesia levobupivacaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. In accordance with the results of comparative clinical trials and expert evaluation analysis was conducted in two ways: under the assumption of equal clinical effectiveness of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine and a higher efficiency of levobupivacaine compared with ropivacaine (assumed in various clinical situations with an equal volume of solution used ropivacaine in concentrations of 0.5% may be replaced without reducing clinical efficacy of levobupivacaine in a concentration of 0.5%, ropivacaine in a concentration of 0.75% – levobupivacaine in a concentration of 0.5 and 0.75% (in equal proportions); ropivacaine at a concentration of 1% – levobupivacaine at a concentration of 0.75%. The ropivacaine dose equivalent to 1 mg of levobupivacaine, made when calculating the average of 1.20 mg), and under the assumption of equal clinical effectiveness compare local anesthetics. The analysis was carried out for medicines containing 10 ml of solution per ampoule on the basis of registered prices of bupivacaine and ropivacaine. The cost of levobupivacaine was calculated based on expected rates of registration in the case of inclusion in the Essential Drugs List (0,5% R-R amp. 10 ml №10 – 947,74 RUB; 0.75% of p-p amp. 10 ml №10 – 1421,60 RUB).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Subject to the adopted scenario 1 assumptions levobupivacaine allows you to reduce costs 29.6-56.9 per cent compared with bupivacaine and ropivacaine. Taking into account the consumption of local anesthetics in 2016 (according to IMS Health), the replacement of bupivacaine and ropivacaine by levobupivacaine will allow you to reduce costs on average by 38.0%. Projected savings when replacing bupivacaine and ropivacaine in concentrations of 0.5-1.0% in ampoules of 10 ml will be 69,305 million RUB/year, taking into account the accepted assumptions. Under the assumption of equal effectiveness bupivacaine, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine (scenario 2), the replacement of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on levobupivacaine will reduce costs by an average of 29.6%. Given the amount of consumption savings will be 34,012 million RUB/year.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Replacement of bupivacaine and ropivacaine in concentrations of 0.5-1.0% in vials of 10 ml levobupivacaine at a concentration of 0.5-0.75% will allow taking into account assumptions significantly reduce budget costs without reducing the effectiveness of treatment. Reducing the burden on the budget could be achieved under the assumption of equal efficacy of drugs and replacement of bupivacaine and ropivacaine by levobupivacaine in the same concentration.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время в клинической практике широко применяются местные анестетики, к числу которых относятся рацемический бупивакаин, его левовращающий изомер левобупивакаин и структурно близкий к бупивакаину левовращающий изомер ропивакаин. </p><p>Целью работы являлась оценка затрат на анестезию левобупивакаином, бупивакаином и ропивакаином.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В соответствии с результатами сравнительных клинических исследований и экспертной оценки анализ был проведен в двух вариантах: при допущении о равной клинической эффективности левобупивакаина и бупивакаина и более высокой эффективности левобупивакаина по сравнению с ропивакаином (предполагали, что в различных клинических ситуациях при равном объеме используемого раствора ропивакаин в концентрации 0,5% может быть заменен без снижения клинической эффективности левобупивакаином в концентрации 0,5%, ропивакаин в концентрации 0,75% – левобупивакаином в концентрации 0,5 и 0,75% (в равном соотношении); ропивакаин в концентрации 1% – левобупивакаином в концентрации 0,75%. При этом доза ропивакаина, эквивалентная 1 мг левобупивакаина, составила при расчете в среднем 1,20 мг), а также при допущении о равной клинической эффективности сравниваемых местных анестетиков. Анализ проводили для лекарственных препаратов, содержащих 10 мл раствора в ампуле на основе зарегистрированных цен бупивакаина и ропивакаина. Затраты на левобупивакаин рассчитывались на основе предполагаемой цены регистрации в случае включения в Перечень ЖНВЛП (0,5% р-р амп. 10 мл №10 – 947,74 руб.; 0,75% р-р амп. 10 мл №10 – 1421,60 руб.). </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. С учетом принятых в сценарии 1 допущений левобупивакаин позволяет снизить затраты на 29,6-56,9% по сравнению с бупивакаином и ропивакаином. С учетом объема потребления местных анестетиков в 2016 г. (по данным IMS Health), замена бупивакаина и ропивакаина левобупивакаином позволит снизить затраты в среднем на 38,0%. Прогнозируемая экономия при замене бупивакаина и ропивакаина в концентрации 0,5-1,0% в ампулах по 10 мл составит с учетом принятых допущений 69,305 млн. руб./год. При допущении о равной эффективности бупивакаина, ропивакаина и левобупивакаина (сценарий 2) замена бупивакаина и ропивакаина на левобупивакаин позволит снизить затраты в среднем на 29,6%. С учетом объема потребления экономия составит 34,012 млн. руб./год.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Замена бупивакаина и ропивакаина в концентрации 0,5-1,0% в ампулах по 10 мл левобупивакаином в концентрации 0,5-0,75% позволит с учетом принятых допущений существенно уменьшить объем бюджетных затрат без снижения эффективности лечения. Снижение нагрузки на бюджет может быть достигнуто и при допущении о равной эффективности препаратов и замене бупивакаина и ропивакаина левобупивакаином в одинаковой концентрации.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Левобупивакаин</kwd><kwd>бупивакаин</kwd><kwd>ропивакаин</kwd><kwd>затраты.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Levobupivacaine</kwd><kwd>bupivacaine</kwd><kwd>ropivacaine</kwd><kwd>costs.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bajwa S., Kaur J. Clinical profile of levobupivacaine in regional anesthesia: A systematic review. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology. 2013; 29 (4): 530-539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bajwa S., Kaur J. Clinical profile of levobupivacaine in regional anesthesia: A systematic review. 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