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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2026.413</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-1493</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and its role in gastroduodenal ulceration</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>COVID-ассоциированная коагулопатия и ее роль в формировании язвенной деструкции гастродуоденальной зоны</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4324-4470</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каммаев</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kammaev</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каммаев Керим Абдурахманович </p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kerim A. Kammaev </p><p>8 bldg 2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kerim.kammaev95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5769-5091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хоробрых</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khorobrykh</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хоробрых Татьяна Витальевна, д.м.н., проф., проф. РАН</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 23497196100. </p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Khorobrykh, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof., Prof, of RAS</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 23497196100. </p><p>8 bldg 2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5851-2768</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Проценко</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Protsenko</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проценко Дмитрий Дмитриевич, к.м.н., доцент</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6603277056. </p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry D. Protsenko, PhD, Assoc. Prof.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6603277056. </p><p>8 bldg 2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-3091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паталова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Patalova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Паталова Алла Рубеновна, к.м.н., доцент</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6504377687. </p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla R. Patalova, PhD, Assoc. Prof.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6504377687. </p><p>8 bldg 2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2618-2098</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbacheva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбачева Анна Владимировна, к.м.н., доцент </p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Gorbacheva, PhD, Assoc. Prof. </p><p>8 bldg 2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8865-1267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крылова Марина Юрьевна</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55395564300. </p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina Yu. Krylova</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55395564300.</p><p>8 bldg 2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3839-3287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петровская</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrovskaya</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петровская Александра Алексеевна, к.м.н., доцент </p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra A. Petrovskaya, PhD, Assoc. Prof. </p><p>8 bldg 2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7890-7759</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамазанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramazanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рамазанова Арина Арифовна </p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arina A. Ramazanova </p><p>8 bldg 2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5073-4232</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакарова</surname><given-names>Л. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakarova</surname><given-names>L. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шакарова Лала Рамиз кызы </p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lala R. Shakarova </p><p>8 bldg 2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>1493</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kammaev K.A., Khorobrykh T.V., Protsenko D.D., Patalova A.R., Gorbacheva A.V., Krylova M.Y., Petrovskaya A.A., Ramazanova A.A., Shakarova L.R., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каммаев К.А., Хоробрых Т.В., Проценко Д.Д., Паталова А.Р., Горбачева А.В., Крылова М.Ю., Петровская А.А., Рамазанова А.А., Шакарова Л.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kammaev K.A., Khorobrykh T.V., Protsenko D.D., Patalova A.R., Gorbacheva A.V., Krylova M.Y., Petrovskaya A.A., Ramazanova A.A., Shakarova L.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/1493">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/1493</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is a major manifestation of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and is characterized by hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction, marked systemic inflammation, and microvascular dysfunction. Despite extensive research on hemostatic abnormalities in COVID-19, the role of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy in gastroduodenal ulcerative lesions complicated by gastrointestinal ulceration and gastrointestinal bleeding remains poorly understood.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To characterize COVID-19-associated coagulopathy in patients with gastroduodenal bleeding and determine the relationships between laboratory hemostatic parameters, the severity of lung involvement, hypoxemia, and the endoscopic characteristics of gastroduodenal ulceration.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This retrospective study included 72 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by gastroduodenal bleeding. The analysis included parameters of primary and secondary hemostasis, markers of systemic inflammation, the extent of lung involvement on computed tomography, oxygen saturation, and the morphological characteristics of the ulcers. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Patients exhibited pronounced COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, with elevated D-dimer and fibrinogen concentrations, increased C-reactive protein levels, and abnormalities of primary hemostasis. The extent of lung involvement and oxygen saturation were significantly associated with the morphological characteristics of the ulcers.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In patients with gastroduodenal bleeding, COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is characterized by both hypercoagulability and hypocoagulability in the setting of pronounced systemic inflammation. The extent of gastroduodenal ulceration is associated not only with laboratory manifestations of coagulopathy but also with the severity of lung involvement, hypoxemia, thrombocytopenia, and ulcer morphometry.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. COVID-ассоциированная коагулопатия представляет собой одно из ключевых проявлений тяжелого течения новой коронавирусной инфекции и характеризуется сочетанием гиперкоагуляции, эндотелиальной дисфункции, выраженного системного воспаления и нарушений микроциркуляции. Несмотря на значительный объем исследований, посвященных нарушениям гемостаза при COVID-19, роль COVID-ассоциированной коагулопатии в формировании язвенной деструкции гастродуоденальной зоны и развитии желудочно-кишечных кровотечений остается недостаточно изученной.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить особенности COVID-ассоциированной коагулопатии у пациентов с гастродуоденальными кровотечениями и определить взаимосвязь лабораторных показателей гемостаза, тяжести поражения легочной ткани, гипоксемии и эндоскопических характеристик язвенной деструкции гастродуоденальной зоны.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено ретроспективное исследование 72 пациентов с COVID-ассоциированной пневмонией, осложненной гастродуоденальными кровотечениями. Проанализированы показатели коагуляционного и тромбоцитарного звеньев гемостаза, маркеры системного воспаления, степень поражения легких по данным компьютерной томографии, уровень сатурации кислорода, а также морфологические характеристики язвенных дефектов. Выполнен корреляционный и логистический регрессионный анализ факторов госпитальной летальности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У обследованных пациентов выявлены выраженные признаки COVID-ассоциированной коагулопатии, характеризующиеся повышением концентрации D-димера и фибриногена, увеличением уровня С-реактивного белка, а также изменениями тромбоцитарного звена гемостаза. Установлены достоверные взаимосвязи между объемом поражения легочной ткани, уровнем сатурации крови кислородом и морфологическими характеристиками язвенных дефектов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. COVID-ассоциированная коагулопатия у пациентов с гастродуоденальными кровотечениями характеризуется сочетанием признаков гипер- и гипокоагуляции на фоне выраженного системного воспаления. Степень язвенной деструкции гастродуоденальной зоны связана не только с лабораторными проявлениями коагулопатии, но и с тяжестью поражения легких, гипоксемией, тромбоцитопенией и морфометрическими характеристиками язвенного дефекта.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>COVID-ассоциированная коагулопатия</kwd><kwd>гастродуоденальное кровотечение</kwd><kwd>язвенная деструкция</kwd><kwd>D-димер</kwd><kwd>тромбоцитопения</kwd><kwd>гипоксемия</kwd><kwd>эндоскопический гемостаз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>COVID-19-associated coagulopathy</kwd><kwd>gastroduodenal bleeding</kwd><kwd>gastroduodenal ulceration</kwd><kwd>D-dimer</kwd><kwd>thrombocytopenia</kwd><kwd>hypoxemia</kwd><kwd>endoscopic hemostasis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ragnoli B., Da Re B., Galantino A., et al. 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