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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2026.374</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-1427</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Computer vision programs in medicine: dataset development, classification, and clinical use</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Программы компьютерного зрения в медицине: методология формирования наборов данных, классификация и особенности клинического применения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0459-0488</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корабельников</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korabelnikov</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корабельников Даниил Иванович, к.м.н., доцент </p><p>2-я Брестская ул., д. 5, Москва 123056</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil I. Korabelnikov, PhD, Assoc. Prof. </p><p>5 2nd Brestskaya Str., Moscow 123056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7930-6018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ламоткин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lamotkin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ламоткин Андрей Игоревич </p><p>2-я Брестская ул., д. 5, Москва 123056</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey I. Lamotkin </p><p>5 2nd Brestskaya Str., Moscow 123056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lamotkin.an@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Автономная некоммерческая организация дополнительного профессионального образования «Московский медико-социальный институт им. Ф.П. Гааза»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow Haass Medical and Social Institute<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>1427</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Korabelnikov D.I., Lamotkin A.I., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корабельников Д.И., Ламоткин А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korabelnikov D.I., Lamotkin A.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/1427">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/1427</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To develop and systematize a methodology for constructing datasets for computer vision programs (CVPs) in clinical medicine; to propose and substantiate a multicriteria classification of CVPs and to characterize their clinical use at three organizational levels: the patient, the clinician and the medical organization.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study systematizes the concepts of "dataset" and "database" in medical artificial intelligence, develops a multicriteria classification of CVPs, and , and characterizes their clinical use. The study employed terminological and comparative analyses, as well as a and classification approach.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The concepts of "dataset" and "database" were clarified, and their key characteristics were formalized. A six-stage methodology for constructing a dataset from a clinical database was described, comprising extraction, de-identification, verification, structuring, balancing, and documentation. A four-criteria classification of CVPs was proposed and substantiated, based on input-data modality, number of models used, deployment setting, and integration with clinical equipment. The clinical application of CVPs was characterized at three organizational levels: the patient, the clinician, and the medical organization.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Proper dataset construction is a key determinant of the clinical validity of CVPs. The proposed classification provides a standardized description of these systems, enabling their valid comparison and regulatory evaluation. The identification of the levels at which CVP is used in clinical practice helps optimize its integration into real-world healthcare settings.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: разработать и систематизировать методологию формирования наборов данных для программ компьютерного зрения (ПКЗ) в клинической медицине, предложить и обосновать многокритериальную классификацию ПКЗ, охарактеризовать особенности их клинического применения на трех организационных уровнях (пациента, врача и медицинской организации).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследование посвящено систематизации и формализации понятий «набор данных» и «база данных» в теме искусственного интеллекта в сфере здравоохранения и клинической медицины, разработку многокритериальной классификации программ компьютерного зрения и характеристику особенностей их клинического применения. Использованы методы терминологического анализа, сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа и классификационного подхода.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Уточнены и разграничены понятия «набор данных» и «база данных» с формализацией их ключевых характеристик. Описана шестиэтапная методология формирования датасета из клинической базы данных (выгрузка, деперсонализация, верификация, структурирование, балансировка, документирование). Предложена и обоснована четырехкритериальная классификация ПКЗ (по модальности входных данных, числу используемых моделей, месту развертывания и интеграции в оборудование). Охарактеризованы особенности клинического применения ПКЗ на уровне пациента, врача и медицинской организации.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Методологически корректное формирование датасетов является определяющим фактором клинической валидности ПКЗ. Предложенная классификация обеспечивает стандартизированное описание систем, необходимое для их корректного сравнения и регуляторной оценки, а понимание уровней клинического применения позволяет оптимизировать интеграцию ПКЗ в реальную медицинскую практику.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>компьютерное зрение</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>медицинские изображения</kwd><kwd>набор данных</kwd><kwd>датасет</kwd><kwd>методология</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>клиническое применение</kwd><kwd>здравоохранение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>computer vision</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>medical images</kwd><kwd>dataset</kwd><kwd>methodology</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>clinical application</kwd><kwd>healthcare</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mennella C., Maniscalco U., De Pietro G., Esposito M. 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