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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2026.316</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-1379</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Spontaneous reports of adverse reactions to methotrexate: retrospective analysis in the Russian Federation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Спонтанные сообщения о нежелательных реакциях на метотрексат: ретроспективный анализ в Российской Федерации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5858-7877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стефанова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stefanova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стефанова Светлана Алексеевна</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: JCP-1160-2023. Scopus Author ID: 57918372500</p><p>ул. А. Невского, д. 14, Калининград 236041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Stefanova</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: JCP-1160-2023. Scopus Author ID: 57918372500</p><p>14 Nevsky Str., Kaliningrad 236041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svdoktorova96@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-1244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусова</surname><given-names>Я. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousova</surname><given-names>Ya. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белоусова Яна Денисовна</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57918372400</p><p>ул. А. Невского, д. 14, Калининград 236041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana D. Belousova</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57918372400</p><p>14 Nevsky Str., Kaliningrad 236041</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-9580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рафальский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rafalskiy</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рафальский Владимир Витальевич, д.м.н., проф.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: G-3172-2013. Scopus Author ID: 15023010400</p><p>ул. А. Невского, д. 14, Калининград 236041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Rafalskiy, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: G-3172-2013. Scopus Author ID: 15023010400</p><p>14 Nevsky Str., Kaliningrad 236041</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>19</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>132</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Stefanova S.A., Belousova Y.D., Rafalskiy V.V., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стефанова С.А., Белоусова Я.Д., Рафальский В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stefanova S.A., Belousova Y.D., Rafalskiy V.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/1379">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/1379</self-uri><abstract><p>Background. Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely prescribed medication known for its pronounced anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. However, its use is associated with risks of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) including gastrointestinal tract, infectious and haematological complications. This study analyzes spontaneous reports on ADRs to MTX in Russia, highlighting the importance of pharmacovigilance in ensuring the safety of pharmacotherapy.Objective: To examine the frequency and structure of ADRs that occurred following MTX administration through a retrospective analysis of spontaneous reports from the automated information system of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare (Roszdravnadzor) in Russia.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of spontaneous reports registered from 2019 to 2024 in the Pharmacovigilance federal database (Roszdravnadzor) was conducted. To ensure accurate comparisons across regions, the incidence rates of the studied events were calculated per 100,000 population.Results. Between 2019 and 2024, a total of 2508 spontaneous reports concerning ADRs and/or MTX inefficacy were registered in Russia. The most frequent ADRs included gastrointestinal disorders (24.4%), combined reactions (21.9%), and drug inefficacy (15.1%). Male patients and those over 60 years of age had a statistically significantly higher risk of fatal outcomes. Allergic reactions resulted in “recovery without sequelae” in 51.7% of cases, while “condition improvement” was observed in gastrointestinal and neurological reactions (48.1% and 60.4%, respectively). Conversely, hematologic toxicity and infectious complications were associated with a higher risk of fatal outcomes (18.2% and 23.6%, respectively).Conclusion. Both national and international data confirm the need for meticulous monitoring and rational use of MTX to ensure therapeutic safety.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. Метотрексат (МТ) является широко назначаемым препаратом с выраженными противовоспалительным и противоопухолевым эффектами. Однако его использование сопряжено с рисками развития нежелательных реакций (НР) со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ), инфекционных осложнений и гематологических нарушений. Настоящее исследование посвящено анализу спонтанных сообщений о НР в Российской Федерации (РФ), связанных с применением МТ, что подчеркивает важность фармаконадзора для обеспечения безопасности фармакотерапии.Цель: изучить частоту регистрации и структуру НР, развившихся при применении МТ, путем ретроспективного анализа спонтанных сообщений автоматизированной информационной системы Росздравнадзора в РФ.Материал и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ спонтанных сообщений, зарегистрированных в период с 2019 по 2024 гг. в федеральной базе «Фармаконадзор» Росздравнадзора. Для корректного сравнения между регионами выполнен расчет частот развития изучаемых событий на 100 тыс. населения.Результаты. В период с 2019 по 2024 гг. в РФ зарегистрировано 2508 случаев спонтанных сообщений о НР и/или неэффективности МТ. Наиболее частыми НР были поражения ЖКТ (24,4%), сочетанные реакции (21,9%) и неэффективность препарата (15,1%). Пациенты мужского пола и старше 60 лет статистически значимо имели более высокий риск летальных исходов. Аллергические реакции в 51,7% случаев завершались исходом «выздоровление без последствий», при реакциях со стороны ЖКТ и нервной системы наблюдался исход «улучшение состояния» (48,1% и 60,4% соответственно), тогда как гематотоксические и инфекционные осложнения были связаны с более высоким риском летального исхода (18,2% и 23,6% соответственно).Заключение. Необходимость тщательного мониторинга и рационального применения МТ для обеспечения безопасности терапии подтверждается как национальными, так и международными данными.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармаконадзор</kwd><kwd>метотрексат</kwd><kwd>нежелательные реакции</kwd><kwd>спонтанные сообщения</kwd><kwd>EudraVigilance</kwd><kwd>FAERS</kwd><kwd>VigiBase</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacovigilance</kwd><kwd>methotrexate</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reactions</kwd><kwd>spontaneous reports</kwd><kwd>EudraVigilance</kwd><kwd>FAERS</kwd><kwd>VigiBase</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов Е.Л., Амирджанова В.Н., Олюнин Ю.А. и др. Применение метотрексата при ревматоидном артрите. Рекомендации Общероссийской общественной организации «Ассоциация ревматологов России». 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