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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">farmaec</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИКА. Современная фармакоэкономика и фармакоэпидемиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2070-4909</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2070-4933</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2026.352</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">farmaec-1318</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of contemporary treatment, prevention, and screening strategies for melanoma: a review of evidence and implications for the Russian healthcare system</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фармакоэкономическая оценка современных стратегий лечения, профилактики и скрининга меланомы: обзор данных и импликации для системы здравоохранения Российской Федерации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3786-2823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полежаева</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polezhaeva</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полежаева Вера Михайловна </p><p>ул. Степана Разина, д. 26, Калуга 248023;</p><p>ул. Вишневского, д. 1, Калуга 248007</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polezhaeva Vera Mikhailovna</p><p>26 Stepan Razin Str., Kaluga 248023;</p><p>1 Vishnevsky Str., Kaluga 248007</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2810-1220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоглазова</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beloglazova</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белоглазова Дарья Сергеевна </p><p>ул. Большевистская, д. 68, Саранск 430005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya S. Beloglazova </p><p>68 Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk 430005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2231-5322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трунина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trunina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трунина Елизавета Сергеевна </p><p>ул. Большевистская, д. 68, Саранск 430005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta S. Trunina </p><p>68 Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk 430005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-0538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grinina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гринина Анастасия Алексеевна </p><p>ул. Большевистская, д. 68, Саранск 430005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya A. Grinina </p><p>68 Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk 430005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8533-7552</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурмагина</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burmagina</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурмагина Анастасия Михайловна </p><p>ул. Большевистская, д. 68, Саранск 430005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya M. Burmagina </p><p>68 Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk 430005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4358-3503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамзова</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamzova</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гамзова Диана Николаевна </p><p>ул. Большевистская, д. 68, Саранск 430005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana N. Gamzova </p><p>68 Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk 430005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1805-431X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирдяшкина</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirdyashkina</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирдяшкина Юлия Михайловна </p><p>ул. Большевистская, д. 68, Саранск 430005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya M. Kirdyashkina </p><p>68 Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk 430005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8824-2835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>А. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новиков Алексей Николаевич </p><p>ул. Степана Разина, д. 26, Калуга 248023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey N. Novikov </p><p>26 Stepan Razin Str., Kaluga 248023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6166-4183</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Худияров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khudiyarov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Худияров Алп Арслан </p><p>ул. Степана Разина, д. 26, Калуга 248023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alp A. Khudiyarov </p><p>26 Stepan Razin Str., Kaluga 248023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9604-5389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айдашева</surname><given-names>Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aydasheva</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айдашева Лейла </p><p>ул. Степана Разина, д. 26, Калуга 248023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leyla Aydasheva </p><p>26 Stepan Razin Str., Kaluga 248023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5189-0607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>Д. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyev</surname><given-names>D. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воробьев Дмитрий Федорович </p><p>ул. Степана Разина, д. 26, Калуга 248023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry F. Vorobyev </p><p>26 Stepan Razin Str., Kaluga 248023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0873-6708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайрутдинова</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khayrutdinova</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хайрутдинова Динара Ринатовна </p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, Казань 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dinara R. Khairutdinova </p><p>49 Butlerov Str., Kazan 420012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Калужский государственный университет им. К.Э. Циолковского»;&#13;
Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Калужской области «Калужская областная клиническая больница»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Tsiolkovsky Kaluga State University; &#13;
Kaluga Regional Clinical Hospital<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. Огарева»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Калужский государственный университет им. К.Э. Циолковского»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Tsiolkovsky Kaluga State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>19</issue><fpage>182</fpage><lpage>193</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Polezhaeva V.M., Beloglazova D.S., Trunina E.S., Grinina A.A., Burmagina A.M., Gamzova D.N., Kirdyashkina Y.M., Novikov А.N., Khudiyarov A.A., Aydasheva L., Vorobyev D.F., Khayrutdinova D.R., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полежаева В.М., Белоглазова Д.С., Трунина Е.С., Гринина А.А., Бурмагина А.М., Гамзова Д.Н., Кирдяшкина Ю.М., Новиков А.Н., Худияров А.А., Айдашева Л., Воробьев Д.Ф., Хайрутдинова Д.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polezhaeva V.M., Beloglazova D.S., Trunina E.S., Grinina A.A., Burmagina A.M., Gamzova D.N., Kirdyashkina Y.M., Novikov А.N., Khudiyarov A.A., Aydasheva L., Vorobyev D.F., Khayrutdinova D.R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/1318">https://www.pharmacoeconomics.ru/jour/article/view/1318</self-uri><abstract><p>Background. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapies (TTs) has fundamentally changed the clinical management of melanoma, significantly improving survival outcomes both in unresectable disease and in the adjuvant setting. At the same time, these therapeutic innovations have substantially increased healthcare expenditures, which raises the importance of pharmacoeconomic evaluation in clinical and policy decision-making.Objective: To analyze current methods for assessing the cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapy using real-world data (RWD), to summarize international experience in their application, and to evaluate the prospects for implementing RWD-oriented pharmacoeconomic approaches in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation.Material and methods. Pharmacoeconomic studies published between 2010 and 2025 were analyzed using data from randomized clinical trials and RWD. Key outcomes assessed included costs, effectiveness, and utility, such as quality-adjusted life years and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.Results. In most international models, ICIs – particularly anti-рrogrammed cell death protein 1 monotherapy – have more favorable costeffectiveness profiles in the treatment of unresectable melanoma compared with TTs, whereas combination regimens are characterized by a substantially higher budget impact. The cost-effectiveness of adjuvant therapy largely depends on the risk of recurrence and the cost of subsequent treatment for disease progression. Several studies show the high economic value of preventive and screening interventions aimed at early melanoma detection. The review highlights the need for cautious extrapolation of international pharmacoeconomic data to the Russian setting, taking into account national pricing policies, reimbursement mechanisms, and the absence of a formally established willingness-to-pay threshold.Conclusion. The performed analysis of published studies shows that the use of RWD in pharmacoeconomic evaluations of pharmacotherapy allows refinement of model parameters and improves the robustness of economic conclusions; however, the applied approaches vary substantially in study design and data quality. The applicability of these approaches within the Russian healthcare system requires consideration of limitations related to the availability and structure of domestic RWD.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. Введение ингибиторов иммунных контрольных точек (англ. immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs) и таргетной терапии (англ. targeted therapiеs, TTs) существенно изменило клинические подходы к лечению меланомы, обеспечив значимое улучшение показателей выживаемости как при неоперабельных формах заболевания, так и в адъювантном режиме. Одновременно с этим данные терапевтические инновации привели к выраженному повышению затрат на медицинскую помощь, что обусловило возрастающую роль фармакоэкономической оценки при принятии клинических и управленческих решений.Цель: проанализировать современные методы оценки экономической эффективности лекарственной терапии с использованием данных реальной клинической практики (англ. real-world data, RWD), обобщить международный опыт их применения и оценить перспективы внедрения RWD-ориентированных фармакоэкономических подходов в системе здравоохранения Российской Федерации.Материал и методы. Проведен анализ фармакоэкономических исследований, опубликованных в 2010–2025 гг., с использованием данных рандомизированных клинических испытаний и RWD. Рассматривались показатели стоимости, эффективности и полезности, включая количество лет жизни с поправкой на качество и инкрементальные коэффициенты экономической эффективности.Результаты. Показано, что большинство зарубежных моделей ICIs, особенно в режиме монотерапии антителами к белку запрограммированной клеточной смерти 1, характеризуются более благоприятным соотношением затрат и эффективности по сравнению с TTs при лечении неоперабельной меланомы, тогда как комбинированные режимы отличаются высокой бюджетной нагрузкой. Экономическая эффективность адъювантной терапии существенно зависит от риска рецидива и стоимости последующего лечения прогрессирования. Профилактические и скрининговые программы, направленные на раннее выявление меланомы, в ряде исследований демонстрируют высокую экономическую целесообразность. Необходимо осторожно экстраполировать зарубежные фармакоэкономические данные на условия Российской Федерации с учетом особенностей ценообразования, механизмов возмещения и отсутствия формализованного порога готовности платить.Заключение. Анализ опубликованных исследований показал, что применение RWD в фармакоэкономической оценке лекарственной терапии позволяет уточнять параметры моделей и повышать воспроизводимость экономических выводов, однако используемые подходы существенно различаются по дизайну и качеству данных. Их применение в условиях системы здравоохранения Российской Федерации требует учета ограничений, связанных с доступностью и структурой отечественных RWD.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>меланома</kwd><kwd>фармакоэкономика</kwd><kwd>экономическая эффективность</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы иммунных контрольных точек</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>QALY</kwd><kwd>ICER</kwd><kwd>адъювантная терапия</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>система здравоохранения Российской Федерации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>melanoma</kwd><kwd>pharmacoeconomics</kwd><kwd>cost-effectiveness</kwd><kwd>immune checkpoint inhibitors</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>QALY</kwd><kwd>ICER</kwd><kwd>adjuvant therapy</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>Russian healthcare system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кокушкин К.А., Журавлева М.В., Бяхов М.Ю. и др. 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